{"id":26508,"date":"2026-08-31T16:01:49","date_gmt":"2026-08-31T10:31:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/?p=25222"},"modified":"2026-11-02T13:26:23","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T13:26:23","slug":"white-matter-sparing-brain-surgery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/white-matter-sparing-brain-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery: Minimally Invasive Brain Surgery for Deep-Seated Brain Lesions | Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery: The Future of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery for Deep-Seated Brain Lesions<\/h1>\n<blockquote class=\"HmKZva_Blockquote\" data-d-component=\"blockquote\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Featured in The Hindu<\/span> (Vijayawada Edition, 30 August 2026) following Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla&#8217;s keynote presentation at the <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">World Neurosciences Summit (WNS) 2026<\/span>, New Delhi.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/guntur-neurosurgeon-highlights-minimally-invasive-brain-surgery\/article71403757.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">THE HINDU_vijayawada.30_08_2026.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.india.com\/money\/world-neurosciences-summit-2026-invited-faculty-dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-highlights-cylinder-surgery-a-white-matter-sparing-strategy-for-deep-seated-brain-lesions-8513440\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026_ Invited Faculty Dr. Mohana Rao Pat_ &#8211; [www.india.com].pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25229\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25229\" style=\"width: 202px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-25229\" title=\"dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-world-neurosciences-summit-2026-keynote-white-matter-sparing-brain-surgery.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/WNS-V-speaker-webp-202x300.webp\" alt=\"Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla delivering the keynote lecture on White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery at the 5th World Neurosciences Summit 2026 in New Delhi, India.\" width=\"202\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25229\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla presenting his keynote lecture, \u201cMinimally Invasive Cylindrical Corridor Surgery \u2013 Modern Microsurgery Strategy for Deep-Seated Brain Lesions,\u201d at the 5th World Neurosciences Summit 2026 in New Delhi, highlighting advanced White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery techniques for preserving critical neural pathways.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/blockquote>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"success\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-weight=\"medium\">Cornerstone Article<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery: The Future of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery for Deep-Seated Brain Lesions<\/h1>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Author:<\/span> Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla, Neurosurgeon, Founder &amp; Chief Neurosurgeon, Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital \u2013 International Institute of Neurosciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Published:<\/span> September 2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Reading Time:<\/span> 18\u201322 minutes<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Target Keywords:<\/span> White matter sparing surgery, minimally invasive brain surgery, cylindrical corridor surgery, deep-seated brain tumor surgery, brain lesion surgery, neurosurgeon India, Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Executive Summary<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The human brain contains billions of neurons connected through highly organized <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">white matter tracts<\/span>\u2014the communication highways that allow movement, speech, memory, vision, sensation, and cognition. Traditional surgery for deep-seated brain tumors or lesions often requires passing through healthy brain tissue, increasing the risk of neurological deficits.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">White Matter-Sparing Surgery<\/span>, also called <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Minimally Invasive Cylindrical Corridor Surgery<\/span>, represents a transformative advancement in neurosurgery. Instead of cutting through healthy brain tissue, surgeons navigate <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">between natural white matter pathways<\/span>, preserving critical neural connections while reaching tumors or lesions deep inside the brain.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This technique was the focus of <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla&#8217;s keynote lecture at the World Neurosciences Summit 2026<\/span>, where he presented modern microsurgical strategies for safely treating deep-seated brain lesions. The approach was subsequently highlighted by <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">The Hindu<\/span> in a feature article discussing the future of minimally invasive brain surgery.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/guntur-neurosurgeon-highlights-minimally-invasive-brain-surgery\/article71403757.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">HINDU<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.india.com\/money\/world-neurosciences-summit-2026-invited-faculty-dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-highlights-cylinder-surgery-a-white-matter-sparing-strategy-for-deep-seated-brain-lesions-8513440\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WNS V INDIA.COM<\/a><\/div>\n<div data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This comprehensive guide explains everything patients, families, neurologists, and neurosurgeons need to know about white matter-sparing surgery.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Table of Contents<\/h1>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">What is White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Understanding White Matter and Brain Networks.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Why Traditional Brain Surgery Can Damage White Matter.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Evolution of Minimally Invasive Cylindrical Corridor Surgery.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">How White Matter-Sparing Surgery Works.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Neuronavigation and Brain Mapping.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Who Needs White Matter-Sparing Surgery?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Conditions Treated.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Benefits Compared to Conventional Brain Surgery.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Surgical Planning and Technology.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Risks and Limitations.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Recovery After White Matter-Sparing Surgery.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">Frequently Asked Questions.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Understanding White Matter: The Brain&#8217;s Information Highway<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/ehFa_K68NUvBRok5xTPdaMEJjFDFbBquDyf4jUrCPZujw2Wyv1w-CnAR8CrS_b6gg3CjT34ycvu_-GKtAvBgPnj6aTcUEaa5jy04XJ4gYiPkuUBMZXCH5gNmk8RPatmngmuWIO86GGH681FH8nikDajtRAcUCsJngVpWDY3ozSU?purpose=inline\" alt=\"White matter tracts in the brain [IMAGE] | EurekAlert! Science News Releases\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/gbSKe5hCmpPt7nncU9YbHOjOInmj8UGzhyj7Ez6H9mOExRZtsRX4oF6JyAf9Sb63kTL2c5Gw2Av0PTFT6E8KES-szuyjs4NgYqWO6tn0L6hFNPFOoemSy9d4CHfSm8rTcNLIHs_6B040dUvB45hoUv9VMXhU6Yl-V7YpU3trX0g?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Diffusion Tensor Imaging 101 | Diffusion Imaging; Introduction, tutorials and background on diffusion tensor imaging and techniques\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/zTZLDkM4zryMgcCLUHMCPcS5_eYOnyLbwJnxekruq81OaeV27Q-zc68Nvobue3fZwjKYaPkGbzTZTMZ52dieWzU9Rkc3sC0SSVt_UXZTapPsrveq3QNErip2LSW--_Lnay7CNq7VkpKoVEcF2w0mzRG-TKBinusU6BaAvCzr5qw?purpose=inline\" alt=\"European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Most people think of the brain as a gray organ filled with neurons. However, <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">white matter<\/span> is equally important.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">What is White Matter?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter consists of millions of insulated nerve fibers called <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">axons<\/span>. These fibers connect different brain regions and enable rapid communication.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter Controls<\/h3>\n<div class=\"_6IUVGW_TableFrame\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-component=\"table\">\n<table class=\"_6IUVGW_Table\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-dividers=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Brain Function<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Major White Matter Pathway<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Movement<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Corticospinal tract<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Speech production<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Arcuate fasciculus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Language comprehension<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Superior longitudinal fasciculus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Vision<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Optic radiations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Memory<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Fornix and cingulum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Emotion<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Uncinate fasciculus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Damage to these pathways may result in:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Paralysis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Speech difficulty<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Vision loss<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Memory impairment<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cognitive dysfunction<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Personality changes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Protecting these pathways has become one of the central goals of modern neurosurgery.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why Traditional Brain Surgery Isn&#8217;t Always Enough<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/tYaD7rYxsZ8f5Aqqs1oUaIxWQ2i6Cp3cHMhdZ-n_2YTghOIdsd0xE0sE2m_cB6VH8WYvSkB22VelICS5-DbihvElGC3aU6xLWOlauMJD8OTv0ExzLzOHTPyHBZL2mnMfae3RsqwD-R6PE_U78Js8I1ED3w4Et8c9octIcmb35pg?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Neuroinfo Japan\ufffdF\ufffdJ\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdp\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/8XUV_wK2N4qdvI6bQ2nxc4xpgGY0eKMy61d-d6ny6-uUlYPdW-1oKkOdzpQSgEC-jZIcmUHSg9mz1YYVz5ECSlKErvhOKY-ifHnw_z_mJRU6k91YFXgbFGi7rpEDlmruA0NzR3O46RufUYutDsaiqiihZe4SKUKYLoTYkeTWvRc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brain Pterional approach | UpSurgeOn\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/qy5rrMJXosFejJeNaskPd0lXO0Zbx2LvQ9y8peu_n_uETWAB4OJPBSyZ3qB8tasZgKlo81vAoDB5-iO1d7p6iJ6zWlVEROILeydZYmtHpRPllororKJvmNGdVzske3XCqAPPk2tq-vSf4llQN8dtLAsKusaka9AKNOflYpPAh4k?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Minimally Invasive Brain Surgery | Keyhole Surgery | Pacific Brain Tumor Center\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Historically, surgeons approached deep tumors by creating a path through the brain.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">The Challenge<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Deep lesions may lie:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Near motor pathways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Adjacent to speech centers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Beneath healthy cortex.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Close to visual pathways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Near memory circuits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Traditional surgery may require:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Brain retraction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cortical incision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Traversing healthy tissue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Even with excellent technique, these maneuvers may increase neurological risk.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Potential Consequences<\/h3>\n<div class=\"_6IUVGW_TableFrame\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-component=\"table\">\n<table class=\"_6IUVGW_Table\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-dividers=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Potential Injury<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Possible Deficit<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Motor tract injury<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Weakness or paralysis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Language tract injury<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Speech impairment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Visual tract injury<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Visual field loss<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Frontal network injury<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Behavioral or cognitive changes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Modern neurosurgery seeks to <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">avoid these injuries rather than simply treat them afterward<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">What is White Matter-Sparing Surgery?<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/MKPRwii0KT1I63g5mQIw4alND2Bkq7eIUIXP-evQ43YoaOupcVpXV6t-CVAK05zaslZPYvp7JoYESffmClyCo5w08IaH46cscciwoD8COiZaVWTVcB4TzLCXvpSMzjfokcQZwGOVgXzh8PgNH4PPVUvNNdqmyKB559PgJQqTx5c?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Our Integrated System - NICO Corporation\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/F-6B3y5829tCzCUluyp_fiFcWyJxrFNmMnkcRfQzZD9UgKWYzelCoVhzNIzdNx0wD6fY43O6m-fMdaFx6Ztss6mHqIyma0jPXNkB3fWs2NTrwyswQvbAj68MjAdkI-KvoX1rXGzfGGpRJeIqe5dr93CvINscmd5w9Ry1KXGFpUk?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Surgical Neurology International\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/8vTu4xySOttBzDXRNmXKhwLyRixfDk_ouGdKXAK4sw7__ipeH2ntY7xHYJusJwv8opvqSDhxquPJ55bnFJiEL7_MokjotPHtlASMx5ioDHVB2bJARMyCnLFVfX2pU0uqFS0JaB9r6kAUkCIbHVcCxCLmGudd4Uzy9mtH-8iqq3Y?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Frontiers | Minimally invasive treatment for glioblastoma through endoscopic surgery including tumor embolization when necessary: a technical note\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Definition<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White Matter-Sparing Surgery is a minimally invasive microsurgical technique that uses:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Natural anatomical corridors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cylindrical tubular retractors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Advanced neuronavigation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter tractography.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">High-definition operating microscopy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Instead of retracting large portions of the brain, surgeons gently separate white matter fibers along their natural orientation.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">The Philosophy<\/h3>\n<blockquote class=\"HmKZva_Blockquote\" data-d-component=\"blockquote\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Preserve normal brain. Remove abnormal tissue. Protect neural connectivity.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This is fundamentally different from older approaches focused primarily on lesion access.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">The Science Behind Cylindrical Corridor Surgery<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/pV-_apk_BLn86Mwf33J890wrXyElAVRHr63EjkV91wr-Rz9_N5l_xnK2_HC1DmQUjAXN6vw5bjGbfcsJ4B7xkKZxaUSfBlkLvkg1wWSScbptUrch_zQQ_acd4nT4clpgCcppOI8JhNFItJ7H8BrI50sHTGs2HccOTh2yhJa9zJs?purpose=inline\" alt=\"A New Way into the Brain | Johns Hopkins Medicine\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/_QStoOjj6fTG0jk9TE2BEkF8Rc1cn66igDcsRjuC7rbgLfCdFJhJ6KW1XVuWM1xu74_668LYB5Jop8RyhQc0vZidniNJNC9jOgQwFqJgJeJ0zNkkLVkhHmTW_dM766SnKoRaCsq4nshnQfYAuPVjzjkc26Jz_rr04fERfhfTlqU?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Sobre Dr. Alexis Palp\u00e1n\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/MN-vVski--FYXY3miyZrTW9O5N_7wsTHvAiJWUFR7mftXgTuKwODSXs8iAQAmVtG0wbXtEueBt3w2zbPiOFxwz7K7sBSaxwHDnnHkKI8IJEQTallMN9HELlcaoHJ1nD5kwxil9JzZ9T4JpyB6RATqXwerBmM-_nI-aq1_Z-vFYw?purpose=inline\" alt=\"courses:456:2021:projects:456-2021-01:project-01 \u2013 CIIS Wiki\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why a Cylinder?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">A cylindrical corridor distributes pressure evenly.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Traditional Retractor<\/h3>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/0VW-FyPQvAz3Pe96-Lyv_l5wKcHPzkLVxkYWsWiqPUFsFTW6cYJm0sO7XDEbLlq78_AIdzj_2jXxNVdu3tT_Tz2bxLR0-ZgLRqth3wWYyEos3hIbY6nPp0o8RRlW_HjtWeGpj4pNrPcznY4bgmdJhPAVeY6sjT16k3SX2TDUa9c?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Tumor retractor: a simple and novel instrument for brain tumor surgery | World Journal of Surgical Oncology | Springer Nature Link\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/8XUV_wK2N4qdvI6bQ2nxc4xpgGY0eKMy61d-d6ny6-uUlYPdW-1oKkOdzpQSgEC-jZIcmUHSg9mz1YYVz5ECSlKErvhOKY-ifHnw_z_mJRU6k91YFXgbFGi7rpEDlmruA0NzR3O46RufUYutDsaiqiihZe4SKUKYLoTYkeTWvRc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brain Pterional approach | UpSurgeOn\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/fB6nSnRdC6iv1ERfbudyL8GVxB9leBGFfDrbFrq8FwhFnNRRwce5B-pNAlj6cBSowWTNkNhxa1T85w95PE8oVmx0Gw2kBrY7Jm7Lppaky7rS1VyMoWm3xBwY6sBPP-K9ICuJwTmVqMSPNvTlQTIlu-2igIATvZ7S_KfEq_hjgAA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Principles of Intraventricular Surgery | Cohen Collection | Volumes | The Neurosurgical Atlas\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Flat blades.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Uneven pressure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Greater cortical retraction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Cylindrical Corridor<\/h3>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"Jka__a_Frame\">\n<div id=\"_r_1ds_\" class=\"Jka__a_Carousel\" role=\"list\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" data-d-component=\"carousel\" data-d-flush=\"\" data-d-snap=\"none\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box Jka__a_Item\" role=\"listitem\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"carousel-item\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-snap-align=\"start\" data-d-variant=\"none\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/9v-sRTLozTRXTbbZHyCzKTIbnraROJ0h9IDo57SAIoFa10vXgO2qIrUf0Q77oglIoXN5a6iU91maxR6CaQXQ1ErnNV4kPjvhASfj3LgE937JZe8RgKZl8jnV9egbAC-Ke7xYPx5cRdejc7hJwPmFBY4cIqlq8cic0ynZ3e--zN4?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brain Biopsy - NICO Corporation\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box Jka__a_Item\" role=\"listitem\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"carousel-item\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-snap-align=\"start\" data-d-variant=\"none\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/FnyYc1UA1j9uHplzVfO8S8lrv98eOZstlu38ETnk0FLBlEmXNSVuU64AE6dxV--XLocGffbPvMi3vF5nrLViUucKWfNYZITewTW1F20OXpAb2IziSsUNCpW3wAO43NIJriJqgzCHmbwRIrrFPfGZ_RrPW8JYV4HGjO-KFl1Xpng?purpose=inline\" alt=\"THE DESIGN AND USE OF A MINIMALLY-INVASIVE, EXPANDABLE RETRACTOR FOR DEEP-SEATED BRAIN LESIONS - PMC\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Gentle circumferential dilation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Less tissue distortion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Smaller surgical footprint.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Better preservation of white matter fibers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This concept has become increasingly adopted in minimally invasive neurosurgery worldwide.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">How White Matter-Sparing Surgery Works<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Step-by-Step Surgical Strategy<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/fCyOdQO3nlHXe0lWh_dkAhyrkK52nmLDnkohLNSzDsYkmC_iPORHiqBHvObjKc_ndCD82ygqmQsFhDn4eQw0z2TS_V3R9LPcGAYtAH1zRbdf_pmvirCRnSxXCWMUioa5Iu_yRBgj8pYlYwnLdSf0s9WYIBmjYXqZhjec57J_nNs?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Stereotactic neurosurgery | MedLink Neurology\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/504NMNrxHhkfA-jo_XfX-QQ1tLU5VB6bYOoWl3fDSGjq1LWFEF2IMOkfB9kW_iXrLP4oOAr1wZjD-xfkRK28YEhrLDzxKW9TuL-YAc_lr-eO_a6xtN-1wjHTGkra6R8qwHo0xlhDBfohQ9P8p5r8X6pR-q0ibT0cwTFQYPdKIKY?purpose=inline\" alt=\"How Can New Imaging Modalities Help in the Practice of Radiology? - PMC\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/NFUk9Zg4ECJDpIomVlvmMNMcFPPPUCRB2PgS88_UoRdZH5KZr3fgXJEqXQv8Ft97Fsdi_BrwpxY2sgDZ46lAkdAVpsmv-6ES9PIzj3Ebdzell0ZBERdUpqNACeVkAyI3EymPho9wQQWJWfKQbRbsoRNoLiGQzNUKDQ3y36uQfhc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"O n\u00e1s | FNOL\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"_6IUVGW_TableFrame\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-component=\"table\">\n<table class=\"_6IUVGW_Table\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-dividers=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Step<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Purpose<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">1<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Advanced MRI with tractography identifies functional white matter pathways.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">2<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Neuronavigation selects the safest trajectory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">3<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Small craniotomy is created.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">4<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Tubular corridor gently separates white matter fibers.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">5<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Microsurgical instruments remove lesion through the corridor.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">6<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Hemostasis is achieved while preserving surrounding tissue.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The result is <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">maximal safe lesion removal with minimal disruption<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter Tractography: GPS for the Brain<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/nw0fwYgsLcvngqzBpeFpGGw0Xu_JwLgI6xW6qUG9-L4naBZK9K_fmB7aDaXPvyhjG9lqnCpBS6rJhAj6FEc9a-lOxrwyBwv48MgoXXt4pr-Lic2rguj5E-E-7MxyRlTqQjXn4y9zyhlvh1WupKcL7Tn79vtCFjK3QpnqCUUu62A?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o Multimodal de Imagens de Tensores de Difus\u00e3o | Visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de Imagens de DTI\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/GrX1P0zDoJi1WDEoDgQ3xaLO0gSlyjOmpaIuDstpaYBp2D_LkCej2gNhN6B4dLW4qIhUFwt5y3B0WZfJTf3hV9LPFPxt3kojF-JEdjnhUhAGNxHT26hbWPK_Q7DkDt6w-HtEKYKl8jiFXAPjD3sYrnQzXfDDpASEa7ciT5SrbMg?purpose=inline\" alt=\"#mri #dti #corticospinal | Vahid Shahmaei\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/m2D44B2TkbbepISr-AMMNx35GzHdwQ3uZcR3ZR3L6CeyoBZDpsCPe4kPZtkA4isCdAmz9iqFnl4Q1qs22-T9ZHL8vLC4FJvBGcVBGMCmDNFwC6LQAcRbP6_NoOq4DStPUTtFIdtc9c5hdY3AEMpcky3egldXMaXraVrp7ftdEIU?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Correlation between language function and the left arcuate fasciculus detected by diffusion tensor imaging tractography after brain tumor surgery \u2013 Neurosurgery Blog\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">What is DTI Tractography?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) visualizes white matter pathways before surgery.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">It Helps Identify<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Motor tracts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Speech tracts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Visual pathways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Sensory pathways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Memory networks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why It Matters<\/h3>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Surgeons can:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Avoid eloquent pathways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Choose safer entry points.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Predict postoperative risks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Tailor surgery to each patient.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This represents precision neurosurgery rather than generalized anatomy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Neuronavigation: GPS Inside the Brain<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/JyjW65-aqnu8aAflvyDO0Lo-QUR3CLrQyUG-qQwaYISIOVAErFJV0ghpZqY_gM3yIR2f_TbkmdUzXdGQ422BIx3RW29u4VsQPCstQ0qH6AaNMiiiVUzDEA1h26ooGpmN2lzbUGBrcHjkn-erRXuy96jfIDHGRBoSAi1erdk2-aE?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Home - Neurochirurgie | Uniklinikum Erlangen\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/GgM0AzFShunOgeCiPd1jWtcvwzu3tq_g1iiTpV1nluPZ9s6Uo4UqSG4f30MmMLoZXpyFa9u44xEyQiNSJcRvmeUxhCKdwIVw6nWxCzmSzfVFluhtCWrteyOis0Z2HCw9dBk56Hz7l6ZIoP4_4NOQ_zJOqd6WFjgUDr_d-XIn1lk?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/1ym9jeUnWCR5xQZCdnX0MWIKxqMFGt1wjFWgZ6WiA6E71AF2VLagXr8bQsait5IV6MGhFu6apNueqC3tlsXGT70_Nux1rbkkrxUMa80PQgzFUA_h1igIkEOPjh90rvlLsnt56DBRIeKDOmjd9Xd6KO8pagkUZkSX_BI2jAtzw2c?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Vall d'Hebron: un navegador para mejorar el diagn\u00f3stico con ec\u00f3grafo\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neuronavigation provides real-time anatomical guidance.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">It Allows Surgeons To<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Locate lesions accurately.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Avoid blood vessels.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Maintain surgical trajectory.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Navigate deep structures safely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Combined with tractography, neuronavigation creates a personalized surgical roadmap.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Brain Mapping: Protecting Function During Surgery<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/L9KAF5akGYhri-h5ekUsT-JTVdQ-9upAsNSQqcLJKxSfXM233rVUL_cST2JvLKKbU5j1YUiMirQmUKVkHorxnyG31MgVlhdagTBJ_mgNGtZH841zSKZsoFGTJCcCFD9Sij3uZXTdUMsJfKWwMtwSK03A9PZuBUxvl9aAZBMwYIs?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Neurosurgeons are really good at removing brain tumors\u2014they're about to get even better\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/J1jssDUmErXqlQMYO2icvGTanEkjjMcpna6GoSElW5uhX9egX2tKVQO7vf__5meeasWDDTaFakOtJdeU7gmHr_SA6YVlQEMEDwcKez9Dme7ioNHuQqQDiXOJupz33wCAFBTNW-jLVMGKH9UO8cb1DD9ipCij_t1DAm9nSQqZ-_Y?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Low Grade Glioma and Glioblastoma Outcomes Research | Brain Tumor Center\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/5e4x3W2tkcu1y6teUmlu0dbb-KvSMCv_Q8VHfL98Ot1ct70LMLwrCHyasj1PrRaSvL7pz67zNwme6n_qu4m3YW6bHdM0uexfyEhxiAealrQYplFgghNMaFxVLe6cM85srhDVuUq89KMqXhyFyUofRGS-l_EBRyGWqrXT1OieKqk?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\u795e\u7ecf\u7535\u751f\u7406\u76d1\u6d4b\u5728\u80f6\u8d28\u7624\u624b\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u610f\u4e49|\u8fd0\u52a8|\u529f\u80fd|\u795e\u7ecf|\u76d1\u6d4b|\u624b\u672f|-\u5065\u5eb7\u754c\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Modern white matter-sparing surgery often incorporates:<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Intraoperative Monitoring<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Motor evoked potentials.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Somatosensory evoked potentials.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cranial nerve monitoring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Speech mapping when required.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This provides continuous feedback about neurological function.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Which Brain Conditions Can Be Treated?<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Deep-Seated Brain Tumors<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/1gOaiQYTxePJQblZJJ4b8W7CurnAyMY96kgscndK3eLDsCmQWS7ap77j9ExQat2K8CeFgcwksiUOUWOWYA7KgBo62uSXxogZ-mDlUhVe4QYyohyiGsMw-wGbAK3ry2bNT6SCN3XdNfEFBM4HCysM43bJAyM6qRj1T5GEt89YmV4?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/O4MupwbocQOafTJkK99fR5yCixqaj40DKB9qByY09MNgGwse4omH0G3_AW1eKY7BsIqWnWeKe4mnQM55tE53YZwooCnkUa8zpa9-nDiRvK8Dc2ePe7CelbTiV_9Pt9gtLRHWADGux-g38fqG1PxaXT6G9GiOu3ImGGA8j0z7S0c?purpose=inline\" alt=\"PPT - Clinical MRI Insights by Dr. Ravichandra: Brain and Vascular Imaging PowerPoint Presentation - ID:9635346\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/LXZFvj6a4SHZLLUDyUWEm8SSZDp1cMBV-uOwv3FdK7oZ6xIwqp53MW0UPhP4Pddo5oCy4gnMMqCoyQxao3rLNWg5syM_IqrbvZPrtF3lNrd27HgOcKClql8jNeykY9AVKspe-r54U5dqgnChi_GFguVq6x0tqR9D4lY-i6y4Crw?purpose=inline\" alt=\"a, b Preoperative axial and sagittal T1-weighted MRI of posterior type... | Download Scientific Diagram\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Gliomas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Metastatic tumors<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Low-grade glioma<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">High-grade glioblastoma<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Thalamic tumors<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Basal ganglia tumors<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Goal<\/h3>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Maximal safe resection while preserving neurological function.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Cavernomas<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/YNhXQaiTcXR5R8h-cTeGx0q2GLw6I-Ec9j_UlEO2f5BewsIEVDMDWJbsf6LrPj5JKntWWVYDJmDedZGAnYbYWFvAtDqPxzk9nAqi0EP8rrl3dMAfa9yrAOFiY_eUKvlqzjJP_nPH8VDpuHww-96m_QY-OKt6W_Hilx5Kz2BTtvc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"cerebral cavernous venous malformation | pacs\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/PigD_XVL546pFNB7bVRVmDlUsxXgAQBYP5z5pCP9VeJ9DrGfYDkm56b9nAxO02ZCBYXzBvcT4dEry-PBCYV8Mr0AUt7IrSLj_RZK0Zo2LIf-ONGVVRJjl42HQrPWDLBsIPqpsAiS65HN0Y03w3oBwQOu7VqYE1eKXDAc8hiQJ30?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brainstem Cavernoma - Neuropedia\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/yreDXjXFoVkooai2oXrXORqBG8M5D8pRspoolDqSg08LSQY2uUfYmqOJm-S23vaWACxg0G4cLcRQ4lnL17_mEkItrsg5XMRMVZcB32QK8wYdj9eKs50QkpDutLojnVBWUg2ZfHF-CC6qY14mGJnHadYNmV_OlYI0MnmX8IOu7Lc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\u6d77\u7dbf\u72b6\u8840\u7ba1\u816b | \u793e\u4f1a\u533b\u7642\u6cd5\u4eba\u5bff\u4f1a\u3000\u5bcc\u6c38\u75c5\u9662\uff08\u5927\u962a\uff09\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter-sparing corridors are valuable for:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Thalamic cavernoma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Brainstem cavernoma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Deep cerebral cavernomas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Colloid Cysts<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/e2TyaX5PIir7RNoz8wWui5966Xddlb_DDFUilTRNqLtOjbx8ogNAKUEjpOSIqygTCzEfgLeCHGwH8B2_JT0QTir8lQ--rzS-BByllcFpxs_JwKMqTGH9c2EbHU79srwaXeLvjV3Fpi6R8Oc1q4hCiB0G-1XS3GtbFQu5PNg-EOk?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/rC0Mv5N3TBvnDGhMfWjK68dxna-bU8MvnJE-7XiaAThfS5dEVsvtp2rtD-98hA2z5Q_WBg4pnp7xrWMy1fMpvz0l_Gn6HPb46l-iUcrw7CWc2u0ujj3uMGN_K7VjSvn6JAFMNQJ6-n9xrPFbk48Q6zpn9H7LHrPsh5S80w8aiRY?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Surgical management of colloid cysts of the third ventricle: a single-institution comparison of endoscopic and microsurgical resection \u2013 Neurosurgery Blog\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/TNWkOdAY8m0ZZTPfkgwsf8nnPdX9LlmOr290g0BfBjQ7thvv7qNeIwgoPC1A9DiWbQqDzXIsyIjEVOG65aaVMBnkfBWP57BlsmAZVlp2BLzeDozXpFn2al_cEbua3iVe81VBWyZ1E-qE4ukwFNFTNXPuIVwdAcSWObD-o864TSQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Small minimally invasive approaches reduce brain manipulation around the ventricles.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Intraventricular Tumors<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/2YEQpS4DTcL7UCoSSjGc0Vg5Sr13vWgdyTZsOAS66XnthspkQEgNEjcAImFJ1Sm_q-xgN-QwiRtstkefAdaQWMq26xeY7_wQqD5csVAlgReeGWUHIHBjLX0_8wqL5a2_-ip-_QlXiQWVtBJbZiGch1NM4gVy7kQYt_adFmbw8f8?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/GeQLGSxTyGu6vursMeIO3OCZ5iLE4H1HJfBCX5lPwdtiCPY7d8U7k1AQWQLj3Ns9lzGlJCKS14NPtWLFD0QWaqwlKhih9OcecQRAU3LaqCJzRmLZ-P0f1on8fmajvixMe1SAzsVJ2U19mhIJ85f3xooZ9jDIv09bpMwRODd12zQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"intraventricular neoplasms and lesions | pacs\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/UlfVAoQ7wAPe7IAmqKipPPaVwZ2VILp856qY7kVgaXzyFEYG6X82CtkZkW3WFIB5Xn__8hqx9NvZZ-DBWKuR4ALRjQr7Vh4ePKJB7fVZtYw9C4Y1R-mbFLM2vA5OHJL-0KcoOrq8ZALY-xhi1gC6g9qMHpelOodU4AM27HfBoPA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Central neurocytoma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Examples include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Central neurocytoma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Ependymoma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Choroid plexus tumors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Subependymoma.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Brain Abscesses<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/aOKQP-Vj1NgriGM_sXVLPVCTRYPthJY9NEBnG91RkH4ajW_J7Hf2uscOW7fsfFhVSPzBn6MimNGLNO-U6MwCXGUpTA5s6E68sXsMoMM9en1R27TrJBep47_ToFMMjRy7txwAYz2Nc7zFJOYVlSGf_ae-FBsqpv_2ukvW4EyR5tI?purpose=inline\" alt=\"New Page 1\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/fPm1BrbnZ6RlviVgnyj0B2kn1a-L8oK8-j389SkmWJcapbNg8x8Rm2eGOhXqcctQ6hwEnFZkN8ZNdG3WzdifXdarmu4RlGLgNaXlDRnG3vOLpQhMUwB5iVMEM4JVtDg5YRlEPEt5Bub4iiU72iAK4pZPcIvN7N0onQJYmDD4KWw?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Infections of Brain Parenchyma I Flashcards | Quizlet\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/eW2kj8VZRQYH-DBsHjchDzhfwNmm2Ku_Ic_C6leqtvN-hURz4ujUqB0jG5uMQ-5pjRelQ354NRS3odxDlh9sHAW1VkXH8-2d_rxNDSyEy5q43MZhpy6EXJ_lmtTIos2HFUuQS3AfmtgOSlmZTCR91QNa8UYz-H_MoxNECKmxS6A?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Intracranial Infections: Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, Parasitic -\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Targeted tubular access allows drainage with limited cortical injury in selected patients.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Epilepsy Lesions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/-hO14ag5VzXtPnZtpyiwU9vETAdC1K9YGMcK4bQQ-j3fGS2Y9wLoQezd1iRoKHlsTt78pM1O4mYVopeEsUCPLcygU_msrwNFajadb0IDLGOJAGnsXnycrfPCEmdTmxsT6pebmwNbWE_iS3lB2qcxHoMIz_uQ8XG8NmiQg7A9Iz8?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Displasia cortical focal en 7\u00a0Tesla - Mayo Clinic\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/1LCFKbmCyvkN7Vi_Y4nNpK7TvWDgg6tpw0NL3CSkwqqAFPpkwg0-FDVlJrPbAdFtxKZmJ3MpiuF0VQn-KJw_oc25Nr8vmfSGwiPZ-bS2EyEQVmzFkO1YnDInnyAuhgV3TgqvoGbntBeHpAOEiPjvrAbb2UMr6SvroMPK5qgdrlA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Minimally Invasive Surgery for Cerebral Cavernous Malformations\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/1SjrdHti5sHkirm3dR8Jb2fRLS7NFvAEsG5xsMs1jmi4v9rRZt4GswISJkHS9ItY5BOkp-TaguY5Z4nMkmo3c5N1Zijuu8DLTvzB5dcZxleaPMosGnIwzf9-C6_fKGrbFcNTIn0kRIi98tak1p6JwIuYGVej3iKMm6FWHVSEm6s?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Let the Lesion Do the Talking :: Behance\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Certain deep epileptogenic lesions can be approached through white matter-preserving techniques.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Advantages Over Conventional Brain Surgery<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why White Matter-Sparing Surgery Matters<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_6IUVGW_TableFrame\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-component=\"table\">\n<table class=\"_6IUVGW_Table\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-dividers=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Traditional Surgery<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">White Matter-Sparing Surgery<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Larger craniotomy<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Smaller craniotomy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">More brain retraction<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Minimal brain retraction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Cortical disruption<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Natural white matter corridor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Greater tissue manipulation<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Targeted microsurgical access<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Higher postoperative swelling<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Reduced tissue trauma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Longer recovery<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Faster recovery in selected patients<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Key Patient Benefits<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/d-kP294eL7GYbwANI0Ztzpo1vN_5Os2hyaN7L7BLTYyGVj5msw9U-JEsJDrFXF0zVfs6xdjZGMxyIRpbgI33GToiWU9rAiGTcfXVDuuxtuwD2G0Pld6eLbvgTPUDW1-swTepMZQcL3-9gmcSDaLZev63-JROIIxkc6BjHOom9C0?purpose=inline\" alt=\"East Carolina Heart Institute at ECU Health Medical Center - Greenville, NC 27834\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/ssQOFOTZp45jkhy0MVJyiQ2K4sK0n5xAFgXEc-WXzbE4CB1mVwonVMyDCKOqKdfgjzmWCZoVlqIgtt1MrOFRWuA5JZwjVY5cbedsq1Z1f2pwQieMsN9OFtytL7vdr-zltqmxs3U3R2-NNEUXO-KAWqiy1n5Xo6rcHuBZDievj0I?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Dr. Alejandro Ceja Espinosa Neurocirujano, Morelia - Agenda cita | Doctoralia.com.mx\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/W0JAqUeLb9tvBFeGpHpw3FNl4VpA5YFomqNEAyaniSH8LK1_JsPSPItcE7x3cdZxjMAxLo13e8-8RM2CRrWuADG15raUHIhAmo5gstMnGwy_5R38ur5KihrbyeAdg61nDAftgJ0JlI6Y2BPhCIgB1ou4CtOr4oomzR_jsbW3rtc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"I've been diagnosed with a brain tumor. Now what? | Michigan Medicine\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Potential benefits include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Smaller incision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Less pain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Reduced blood loss.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Less brain swelling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Better cosmetic outcome.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Earlier mobilization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Shorter ICU stay in selected cases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Preservation of neurological function.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">These benefits depend on careful patient selection and surgical expertise.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Who is a Candidate?<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Ideal Candidates<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_6IUVGW_TableFrame\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-component=\"table\">\n<table class=\"_6IUVGW_Table\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-dividers=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Suitable Patients<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Why<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Deep brain tumors<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Accessible through safe anatomical corridors.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Small-to-medium lesions<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Minimal disruption possible.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Functional area lesions<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">White matter preservation is especially valuable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Selected hemorrhages<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Tubular evacuation may be appropriate in selected cases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Deep cavernomas<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Natural corridor approach.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Patients Who May Need Conventional Surgery<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Very large tumors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Diffuse infiltrative lesions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Extensive vascular malformations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Multiple compartment lesions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Every patient requires individualized evaluation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Surgical Planning at Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/wrasw__XHf97ZsQOFCqDFwZlewKehuVYmCtFuczo6-IMzoaczqoDqBbzIMNita6ymRcAhFE0uVkKXSxIUcfgouijstevYIpiq4Kk2yaQLIwYO8i36V-9H8-8u91kePT5OYST0wZ4GQLQdho_0cgxGS89ZnmdLuH3INUth53Zfu0WKDEK3ijEXJ_NP3n5K4yT?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Equipment and medical devices in modern operating room\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/MOWO9vDQO12CkpON9ZglBpxDFWH-jyH9AcTG2jFSi2EXSyLveSWCF4WlqljHfrsnw09KaCCRZVhag4ojVYcuSw8rY0tCwpuDoInfr2LmgymEGJCH71h2Cd1V6-fsOQSnbO5BlzCQPyXrRzE7tx1vTl3a8DR6HXOSR0W4XWlRB04?purpose=inline\" alt=\"3T MRI | Book Your Scan Today \u2014 Rezolut\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/cLrjpX-EP5Y9fu5YnBmGJz2bzLI39CaEvPVmuqRfjnTeXMz60hm34IYqUckB1tlujtKrEKoRxuQEW_ZP1mVmtDOb7OHyjh36ovuU4pEcjZ946jIXtGEAHV3GA2ujnm7J6T8smK3aoUfvjiL9y0VNxU1VEttHVnQ9Ew9afaXsFUQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Grupo Policl\u00ednica incorpora el microscopio m\u00e1s avanzado del mercado en su unidad de neurocirug\u00eda | Onda Cero Radio\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">A white matter-sparing operation begins long before entering the operating room.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Comprehensive Planning Includes<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Advanced Imaging<\/h3>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/d2TCDfkzY7QiSj1ZYEmlX29-AVaia_8Bb6OEVEAX-3NjU7-eZFc_CWelmx6XrefispwNNpLj29gX2lJt1whMkem89G3srBuDSDNFDLN7wXGW70d9BVfPQ6lYFnUujIGVZOZg-DFqLO40EIsz52iDV6gvw-pMrkpWteQTvrn267U?purpose=inline\" alt=\"3 Tesla MR Fiyatlar\u0131 2026 | Fulya A\u00e7\u0131k Emar\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/Z-eQ6x8UR69pMMRAKssrBAL3c19ks4QGaT_RXH23jV4zEo6tTd_PiEfgcywYU12OYG9qzg3p1qeRp0-fv9jYhTDr3lIK4-uT7ZO5WIc3QyqkjLCsLfgyiNCDMZkV1lf5XGbuk099_4QgTBmXUA0HlS-YZUEfRtSvYHfUdQAPONA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\ube0c\ub7f0\uce58\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/504NMNrxHhkfA-jo_XfX-QQ1tLU5VB6bYOoWl3fDSGjq1LWFEF2IMOkfB9kW_iXrLP4oOAr1wZjD-xfkRK28YEhrLDzxKW9TuL-YAc_lr-eO_a6xtN-1wjHTGkra6R8qwHo0xlhDBfohQ9P8p5r8X6pR-q0ibT0cwTFQYPdKIKY?purpose=inline\" alt=\"How Can New Imaging Modalities Help in the Practice of Radiology? - PMC\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">7<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">MRI Brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Contrast MRI<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">DTI tractography<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Functional MRI when indicated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">MR angiography\/venography.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Digital Planning<\/h3>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/hwkFhv_fbHXfRnDqy2jPKN0PtfBkzD5_v4HWAvEx9XvGQTK93cf0boqEy-188qLBnGqbB3kEYfaxfJxTPdkoZXA2Ii1Kg7PE9_PRAluxHgzRrrXOzEAkPHAo4beVwg8yrP1FoKmbhom5QIVBv6EAXJwred7fViHLqqFAKqi15iY?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Frontiers | Neuronavigation in glioma resection: current applications, challenges, and clinical outcomes\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/QuKTqFIyQavRiJKnJBGRaR-cb48b3I4uz4QRzX7vqa2liHy1DJrriJ1tOdcgLu1jv2y-Y-qjIiJ6UpiKqOIcB_BDHzHSodiWCB7-FFNZX9-ZrfZNY1x4cFNWr70UUylbd6RlPd3r4kqRUwXUpE_bt9imr_8IyD0Qk2bUc8ZBc1o?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Stryker Launches Q Guidance System with Cranial Guidance Software | OR Today\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/u3ftXcYyrWN-g0HVKEEaclaYEf3MeKC5LE-iQ8kqiXMiwxWPIYd6dpPYIGi_In19vgsu5vxwvJIkOkZaf6Nb2ljGjrXDT-vz2EnEy00iHCKj7h5ndxh8UoelAQEPFHJBeot0IAo4wFQQTLopj5p_bJt-kIpJk2ZFzyWYk6uyVQE?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brain Tumor Program | Neurosurgery\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Surgical trajectory simulation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter tract preservation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Vascular avoidance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cortical entry planning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Microsurgical Technology Used<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">High-End Neurosurgical Equipment<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/EsgLSjlxKMs5RIzzQ13wJpVkSIiDD6KZRwgwEMlSZdCp4gPEKXmLMNKUOeGuoRzhYfsT_PbPE684n95zgmn7u7VnCQQQ8xOYJTSQIbS90L4zf5nqFrCZqvCthPgqJYD4boKPPT0YIpT5GrY33sGTbtjQqLpCN37sVR7G2EO8lTA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Doctors Hospital installs the first Kinevo 900 microscope in Mexico. - Doctors Hospital\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/DQ4lol605PIcDuAE2zcFRVkoXXKkB1tokJo3KJ52vGYTY5Uq6bS-ygHE00FHjtqEJoNafYnyMpK6pjoVQflCwiQgUskSRsdiIh2D8YBupIDHxYhJx9j2j0amTvT3FxiGD_3r-dtaHWWZEt5LGlj49H6fkY9YWXh9gSW8ju2Z1kI?purpose=inline\" alt=\"M720 OH5 Operationsmikroskop der Spitzenklasse - Medien | Produkte | Leica Microsystems\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/Uafh9pxtGDyPIB0bq2VNZYLXHLB2J-9eXENSKZafCdArCySiZoOikXU7_4TtEOdH4naaqT7chVO_AZbLH4ef2OuVRcQoHCM_ydwjd1_oSdtWOgvB1dVwN-aCMhuHsgCVzw3NBQ9KddCpZbihKgxORLeVJR0GXSpoygQugiA3km8?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Neurokirurgi: s\u00e4tter standarden inom modern neurokirurg\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Technology may include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Operating microscope.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neuronavigation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Ultrasonic aspirator.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Endoscope-assisted visualization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neurophysiological monitoring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">High-definition imaging.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Each tool contributes to safer microsurgery.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter-Sparing Surgery in Brain Tumor Management<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Low-Grade Gliomas<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/IXtMpIIVYN4jd8C3DUR6deK9p3UOr_yxho7i2xtb4PAJ2DmLN7jZw9NDT8uVonxCvT4e2dJ85Ph0HSQP9yna4axNApgDuXDf8R8_Yrgw4YECdwiNNsOUrfYUI83IhddCE6-NDYzOMVDwAsXBkB-CGjSlnq5laphvdN8hsAR0lRQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"The silent phase of diffuse low-grade gliomas. Is it when we missed the action? \u2013 Neurosurgery Blog\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/9VQpAG8SVcnhvMV_aR-YOmQFrah_6yXvRzm9SW2BrEagf_6xGWmL4LfupvyM8K68rFP4KhFpydy946TNS6cFZHyLeP9qMyr0a9u12uPNJYOJ189jso1s-VzOPX9p8eFUBn5jlARs5W22JLIi5pPusNokgSxFcu9WT-xt5RaVV1g?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Subject-Specific Automatic Reconstruction of White Matter Tracts | Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine | Springer Nature Link\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/pNh8tw7zVWQoGj24C22JbR5ZwpknEqOTxB44FFTLuK7p_45aWpCtg-sp1juXW6WmrZxqtRlcQxI_y-83gR5vTOlxTr7zFBWlI46fovpXsFC56OVr2tlPPPB4YO_cX6EPHdjMMC4apvDwl7UeQBPOrLpQuLtFVa5RLZO1thpB_08?purpose=inline\" alt=\"MRI Tractography - Brain Tumor\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Goal:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Preserve language.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Preserve cognition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Maximize tumor removal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">High-Grade Glioblastoma<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/iu1Q-XEvljSMK0iTJhokCd9zoAB0wPtPukb7PNITA-a2Yesv2RKwpKPFpf40sydlpH4uziEQHJ-iCz1LHP1gn2VaHyvXLYJIE8ywGTzAxkrcsrbtVSzsg-Bl1XrM1eYJOfLlFlrVUOQsRTFMnqk9Indud0uty_QGNK8DfMaotAQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/mduQzVDOtJPs1siAwXH3XL3WYUKkQWPlsMrsCkryKFjLrCnAIhhopq7sWAaqicUVwjvVu5mTg70iO6uHeEFOEY1o-kx-aqgDcO6clIavZDNzlu-tirco4JFoyPJmrUYuhHAxvqQKrWkjGKAorlglMS8YOLg1H2hmAfy_64pNFBM?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/P6lqAZ9ME6Kvph2qNKJeXVV_1XrZlIJ5XRl34DnlYFpGp5DI6uiqKGayt7HmkCET0FxmeU6Vw0Wwh2NHQ4AnHWBpShGDLfCxIsJ4ILM6sliH6AhGdZ7ePWru2Y7n1_Lzj-LOEePhTaA2WtiCV3pQHQXs2ji1carTTlWiKmsERiw?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brain Tumour Resection Surgery Johannesburg\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Goal:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Maximal safe resection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Protect functional pathways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Improve quality of life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter Preservation in Pediatric Neurosurgery<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/ZdPB65nKxqwJ2vvEt6-d6vScq3apEzGPy2pjmOyartHQt9UyBD9tlm8jZwufAcrLrpY_xaGRjzFMv_kdL1zz-kazs30GAU5eo3oIGg0VJmfxJC2ya54Ebl_bKS-B_i1t7UfWnJo3iKqY6-C8x6GIKwy6JNTjDh5OGR4kLxUDM_s?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Tumores cerebrales en ni\u00f1os | Pediatr\u00eda integral\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/5WZlp-F8Ijp7S3R_YXoKmchsLSjfcFZMNrRSZha40dmnsa-u0Z8PQ66LFWk67NIZOrn1cgxh0plwejatUAckxOJOrlYuXSy_2ik2iSCK5NBfSNCishjbiJg2_5IRj2T6j1tdCVD945QgL_4gqp1OyPcyFRnOa-9_qzrZYpFNqok?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Zabieg usuni\u0119cia olbrzymiego guza m\u00f3zgu u miesi\u0119cznego dziecka w IPCZD - Aktualno\u015bci - Centrum Zdrowia Dziecka\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/j9WmURXaN44mnbkga-IbFU2cpmoyT_fSAIrF-zXZzrHongWD4xu1XRRUlFXfVBPxQzJHLYQIs8HqREtW8eseQn89WmvGDndmJ8bIPP0Ahi76V4nZQH8Tgo61_-O2yvAASArLnr4l-j_bQx0eW6L_qMRRX-95ZlUwt2nGmoXcmVI?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department \u2013 TAMC\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Children have developing neural pathways.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Advantages include:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Better developmental preservation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Reduced tissue injury.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Smaller surgical footprint.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Functional protection during growth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">White Matter-Sparing Surgery for Brainstem Lesions<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/uePK39Oh9Tu_nw1i_n-J0UXEG0l_tP2gyRnsCizn1jJSJqS0x2NoQYcXPdbWnJ6bM-nDl-GQlXHp9a8XFTmQ-ctUUSV5j0Izt24Q3tJqv0pUvYNIRU60b8kAesotcdGGn2lHl_fRkvRZ1T7tGn_3KtDQe7PvLdQ4akXYSVyjxNA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Cavernomas do Sistema Nervoso Central :: Clinica Maddalozzo\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/vq7TdA7eumOnMmuYq8rMNBsEEM4eVudcyWGSu_ZPgPl7k648kVC2vQgEeDainRATpJWU6zJY0ZsuXtgFRBBf5_WpfvmNRPSM_EPHQ6dVWKYEobi9SJG9XHK__qioVixbWcmDPIliYyemaPaXgat3u3STo3dOEL95VRozw1h-eRA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"511-2018-09-05-anatomy-II\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/XbLVeD6U8fAVatdfpPV8Npcx4KN6kf4WSGqaeJyt7NFmqe9lT0pJoqyQ26PdohcwSi6pqG0i75V0HFb4iwJwUmvz6LFE8jCHNnNfcZWy7e4siDuttR_o_W5yqo4W8sOc0HzH2GjG3bcCThSiQWcvZMT9aqeg069v9wWewsiLgr8?purpose=inline\" alt=\"\u3010\u5317\u603b\u795e\u5916\u8bba\u9053 \u3011\u7ecf\u5b89\u5168\u533a\u5207\u9664\u8111\u5e72\u6d77\u7ef5\u72b6\u8840\u7ba1\u7624\u7cfb\u52172 - \u8111\u533b\u6c47\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Brainstem surgery is among the most challenging areas in neurosurgery.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The technique focuses on:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Safe entry zones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Natural fiber orientation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cranial nerve preservation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Microsurgical precision.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Recovery After White Matter-Sparing Surgery<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">What Patients Can Expect<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/BWfAwfdBx7C4zQsSZHXgNoPi4BPw8hYqCbrYbuJDriNr9c_Fx8-uqY9KEC0Zdq79JCQpXCwqKbMSYdSVuWVcPoGxYZRJKlsr7c0MzrHZ76SsVOcsRIhGwYmOEsabpOZvB8hW9A5WdNAZ2_3ZIEJVPop218jTR-TASbu1wbWpFrc?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Patient\u2019s ER visit turns into brain surgery, cancer diagnosis - UNC Lineberger\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/grLiydvFLZx8sVr8cLmjsyTm1DsQaBpsohnIgdaXGgJw6iTB7JT_CwVlgsSXEwZ_k2HUKE9gKMv9c5beaaxX-GdO5l8Cl77qZ1nb52OPDTQLiTJLJ6-4GFRbK616pSLrPPmqNmAZjp3FlY5S53nhHfHLrh-1zx1_WnmIDMqB7HI?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Post-Craniotomy Recovery &amp; Care in Pune\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/KhoyV2fmPYYzgmC8y2fBC-XBNiIacV9TnTyPVZF87u2nDrv2rbVOEZobqM3dGPGQnV1hHhP1CxXF1YLZFp-hvKfIrUW31e6Af0JbsIrdZdVAFNQeey9VV5zHUCOeTLELaeCpWB1GUn-XTwsLwbfA1C5hdil1FIj-kTBkIpcxJHXeDx-7UXiKxqssoXR9YC8X?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Consultation after MRI examination in medical clinic. MRI Doctor is showing x-ray and of brain tumors in the patient head.\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Hospital Stay<\/h3>\n<div class=\"_6IUVGW_TableFrame\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-component=\"table\">\n<table class=\"_6IUVGW_Table\" data-d-column-sizing=\"auto\" data-d-dividers=\"\">\n<tbody>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Stage<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Typical Course<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">ICU<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">1 day in many selected cases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Ward<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">2\u20135 days depending on condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Walking<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Often within 24 hours if neurologically appropriate.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-d-component=\"table-row\">\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Return Home<\/td>\n<td data-d-component=\"table-cell\" data-d-valign=\"start\">Depends on recovery and pathology.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Recovery varies by diagnosis, lesion location, age, and overall health.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Rehabilitation<\/h3>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/LETEcvn8Cqn3Y6ajCcWyY-iH0MPGK_nmjnKKBUanHEVJFB2ViGH-Yyfh2GPnBLc3EVDvAnlNlJT0ouF2pVbOfbPPPP-IuzuCPj0PtLTKFitsrbZKndV8BL0ec6k6BVF45tnjnnxyd0jFVO8yU0JspzPTWVMxZeVHvSHzf5Zi0xM?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Speech Therapy After Stroke - Sheltering Arms Institute\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/Izm54LO_PdAmtfOKC3pITXIRZwcidBdE8mdecFyXa0n_5N7m5eofqFEucLNQ32Nsp8iJqrlVWGQROlm1wSABn1T6Z2fcbIifajrXmcEak-d9HH8PVSCIqi7_LqOEd1An10J6ug1nhGd9c7MdEFYFcFow5A_CS5eK7YFk3-k-mzM?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Fisioterapia Neuro Funcional: Restaure a Qualidade de Vida com Corpo Ativo\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/QT8BQT20SdES9n1nqUv0L0zAv4seAdOIs4f-2_cE6wncPYgF8hTfcWkIoH3vvCzizYKoyBqVwtJKb_krqOOyrxSdPAFIcWD4tUdiV151YUXc7rnXnVDQyMo163mmSYRLb5uXmrMshOLZXtLVTY4RfT-1PYV0RLZWYEaAQ-nFg1E?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Neurologie \u2014 Ergoth\u00e9rapie de la Pr\u00e9v\u00f4t\u00e9\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Some patients benefit from:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Physiotherapy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Speech therapy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Occupational therapy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cognitive rehabilitation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Risks and Limitations<\/h1>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">No brain surgery is risk-free.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Potential Risks<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/8SwbHNSs0qkjL_9JBhMlP66T3YeI30gvbvMj2XG4GLMwQmmms0FovH3AK8uNrPdkNkwqtFwrfDkQWQg65OBI5FkkFtlX2ZgOnOMSzPbOalWHSwMm7jWUgnyHtB41dzzb-q73JJAbc8wxxTFJfpTQWlFI17YOcikys2iP8VL4URA?purpose=inline\" alt=\"EPOS&amp;trade;\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/EFG-fZ3UY27sKdb5ZrartUr8LcedMjlrW5ly4ifoaknA86KxPJXVqIVfV5lpk9OiUFNsiTPZdnUDPNfokn5wlZoUoDnIPXpaLZfXQ86y9WsUNr39CQa8nlmizp6Iy0MJqTfKQKFGi__iH6b4qvYBMNwYnlR1cZDEQP4eKVNLOhg?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Continuous EEG Monitoring | Nihon Kohden\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/pX1hxD6lDB7fslY_JBCpfUe6nHbg1RyeN3xu2CgChm7kpsup5wFrcBzGxhs6jIZVJ3X5BrjBYY6tA8oop-8FUf4TfJhRE-xEERqJNT1BNs7Wpd-Rqt7JJGuRtv5rT1EuQrqJaoAHKQ2-W5ERLMuVzJ6u3LFjmLvYPCZvEqPe1Ig?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Checking your browser - reCAPTCHA\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Bleeding.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Infection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Seizures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neurological deficits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Brain swelling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">CSF leak.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The goal of white matter-sparing surgery is to reduce unnecessary injury\u2014not eliminate all surgical risk.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Evidence Supporting White Matter-Sparing Approaches<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why This Technique is Growing Worldwide<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Modern literature supports:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Less cortical injury.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Improved preservation of white matter tracts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Better functional outcomes in selected lesions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Reduced surgical morbidity in carefully chosen patients.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">International adoption continues to increase alongside advances in imaging and neuronavigation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla&#8217;s Keynote at World Neurosciences Summit 2026<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/wSpVvyaQgzV_DDLUInQtzTOKEhEakw77zdQSQuPIibtX_fc7WsIw0nzcxaaH7JwuPKe0q-lNIfRjxb9A7-V6cQ7M1Of22LHGCyC2SPRv_SrmgfpSOYCaqaL1zikfsOxJ5kjR5HQZ9h0lmBKK1lZ8tiwe7MPkqAaK1301eJlfhYU?purpose=inline\" alt=\"NeuroScience Frontiers Symposium 2025 | Neurogen Therapeutic\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/Dty7pIGxsQ41mQslLg_cQRj5ndVGvPJWzgcTLtw1BMToiH5Xqam443Nv78sKB4hforwVBU8YTSR66HD4lfSOeJOlWJLeqzSdwLNE-za5Lpik67eD1Q-sKz7FY0KM5hDugi4FWf4u9kAcVk0HylMcEWGs9ePCCuVI-5bLF0C4rZE?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Groundbreaking Research on Minimally Invasive Brain Tumor Surgery Presented by Dr. Rao at Andhra Pradesh Neuroscientists Association Conference\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/cKahZWG-BHJS6LE_ogc0IqYNSroC1MsunuOZw1R3RPEkFWOja5-K0XSsA7Ek_qNDvB4ROkEYqecv4QM2FpdRxpEWPtXEj70Dds85oVcHRgEHZSTo10VPzSSF1dlk4wDI0Q39vJP2Ie4qMvQte1DoqSP122Ab_O7OF4g7bYiHxUM?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Society for Neuroscience - Neuroscience 2026\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">4<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">At the <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026<\/span>, Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla presented a keynote lecture titled:<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"HmKZva_Blockquote\" data-d-component=\"blockquote\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">\u201cMinimally Invasive Cylindrical Corridor Surgery \u2013 Modern Microsurgery Strategy for Deep-Seated Brain Lesions.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\">\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/guntur-neurosurgeon-highlights-minimally-invasive-brain-surgery\/article71403757.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">THE HINDU_vijayawada.30_08_2026.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.india.com\/money\/world-neurosciences-summit-2026-invited-faculty-dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-highlights-cylinder-surgery-a-white-matter-sparing-strategy-for-deep-seated-brain-lesions-8513440\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026_ Invited Faculty Dr. Mohana Rao Pat_ &#8211; [www.india.com] (1).pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The presentation emphasized:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter preservation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Modern microsurgical planning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neuronavigation-guided access.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Safe treatment of deep brain lesions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Functional outcome optimization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The lecture highlighted the growing importance of minimally invasive microsurgical corridors in contemporary neurosurgery.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026_ Invited Faculty Dr. Mohana Rao Pat_ &#8211; [www.india.com] (1).pdf<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Featured in The Hindu: National Recognition of White Matter-Sparing Surgery<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"Jka__a_Frame\">\n<div id=\"_r_1e3_\" class=\"Jka__a_Carousel\" role=\"list\" aria-label=\"Carousel\" data-d-component=\"carousel\" data-d-flush=\"\" data-d-snap=\"none\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box Jka__a_Item\" role=\"listitem\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"carousel-item\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-snap-align=\"start\" data-d-variant=\"none\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/Vo5UnQQwWJ3eKRKIeUbQV76aJYy-1Iot_ZNQ6gkotkb31H01YCWooQm3IYu9KaeVjEOfAV6nojAZEgQe-HsC9QasG2KsKt5cda07IKuj68B6HUgDAFwnQedS6FZLUuhLqcweZUt-HWTFdU5BescGW7aMpIGCOu-Kk7f5aI-e15Q?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Another squabble @ The Hindu: Exit: Malini Parthasarathy, Enter: Nirmala Lakshman - MxMIndia\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">The Hindu<\/span> reported Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla&#8217;s press conference explaining how preserving normal brain tissue and neural pathways has become a key objective of modern minimally invasive microsurgery. The article also described cylindrical corridor surgery as a white matter-sparing strategy for deep-seated brain lesions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/guntur-neurosurgeon-highlights-minimally-invasive-brain-surgery\/article71403757.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">Hindu featured minimally invasive surgery presented at WNS V neurosummit key note lecture<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">This coverage reflects growing public awareness of advanced brain-preserving surgical techniques in India.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why This Matters for Patients in India<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/Yv3a5EXc1iK-HJWZjDRKtLGdcM-6hQOEb3iBV0Pk9QBt3FHQoSzcYI0OVsBVrICHQ-sRip0rJrQiCzU6ouMs-zPz-Xoymu6X4xmoyv9_6mwEONHN13uyIRjsaPrNSlkl_EYGJ1ESddyHr03uU5rYIjJ2I9eP5Hy45yw1okSwpaI?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Advanced Brain &amp; Spine Neurosurgery Treatments in Chennai\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/dZ0yocvJKCmVqKxcNKvHulwPWN3utKhv71mOdGBmUi-rq4_h795ZDZiaQU0Y7e80KCkOhXH23YJBa99H2sPnFBPj8c6TmvX_LWYhduDjv1eUYkfC-LuU8VEFsfSR8jgbUd6tDEf-vuvxlnHgskXoAvw7H1_tXh0Y3TOH3vhmizGq7vq81j993lGtZ9khsqEQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Competent medical expert explaining diagnosis\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/BN_crDnD2WRnhJoIB7usRPT3N3HfPvIs_vHuXX8R3gqnrnjZPLLzdQEBOkhGHwMaCyxclWDhQFnouR660YAirhkr6WWk8DTk2HankvjH6cbzjJLOBH20rcMsFBiDplvzHufxzPwRFOFk-qL8EUcwnjKkh1Yg-zLgky26YkvgQ00?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Neurologist in Pimpri &amp; Brain Specialist in Pimpri-Chinchwad\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Patients increasingly seek:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Safer surgery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Smaller incisions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Faster recovery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Preservation of neurological function.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">International-standard neurosurgical care within India.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter-sparing surgery aligns with these goals when clinically appropriate.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Why Choose Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital for White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery?<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/vqo0q-reRIEGG3nAjsFPoe5XpuRHQxz-jKs_zuU9UoGlde2U7BHVAiWalTKDB4vNzC18KSHlKvplrHySdh5IvYKv7BWoTFIF23tVKtOKV7rr6FVXNgn_-0rMQXKecKjymLI2so-PeUJcuZuOZvnH_KNSnYjWZh_j-jXqpx1op4U?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Best Neurosurgery &amp; Spine Care at Dr. Rao\u2019s Hospital, Guntur\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/sIirclW8oSuG8iLH_dFhBpBSygl6mNFvTbJlr281ypXNjaSTxIptNJkwWOdDUnB9XBL5R-xwo7nR4osIoUhOanN86jVtMJxHhNXBIEUZdnNC4ISt-W2tUbMPGmapweFSQDYikcatL8BmGCO1RdVh7nfVL91j8CR4o_pcJtUPcj0?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Brain Surgery in Pune | Dr. Jaydev Panchawagh, Neurosurgeon\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/JyjW65-aqnu8aAflvyDO0Lo-QUR3CLrQyUG-qQwaYISIOVAErFJV0ghpZqY_gM3yIR2f_TbkmdUzXdGQ422BIx3RW29u4VsQPCstQ0qH6AaNMiiiVUzDEA1h26ooGpmN2lzbUGBrcHjkn-erRXuy96jfIDHGRBoSAi1erdk2-aE?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Home - Neurochirurgie | Uniklinikum Erlangen\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital \u2013 International Institute of Neurosciences, Guntur, offers comprehensive brain and spine care with advanced neurosurgical technology and internationally trained expertise.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Areas of Expertise<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Brain Tumor Surgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Skull Base Surgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Endoscopic Brain Surgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Pediatric Neurosurgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Cerebrovascular Surgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Epilepsy Surgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Functional Neurosurgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"md\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Advanced Technologies<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"PSWZZq_List\" data-d-component=\"list\" data-d-marker=\"bullet\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Operating Microscope<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neuronavigation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neuroendoscopy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Neurophysiological Monitoring<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Advanced MRI Planning<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"PSWZZq_Item\" data-d-component=\"list-item\" data-d-marker-layout=\"native\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Minimally Invasive Brain Surgery<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">1. What is White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White matter-sparing brain surgery is a minimally invasive microsurgical approach that reaches deep brain lesions through natural white matter corridors while minimizing injury to healthy neural pathways.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">2. What is Cylindrical Corridor Surgery?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">It is a minimally invasive technique using a tubular retractor to create a gentle corridor through the brain, allowing surgeons to access deep lesions with less tissue disruption.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">3. Is White Matter-Sparing Surgery safer than traditional brain surgery?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">It may reduce disruption to healthy brain tissue in carefully selected patients, but safety depends on lesion type, location, patient health, and surgical expertise.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">4. Which brain tumors can be treated?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Selected gliomas, metastases, intraventricular tumors, cavernomas, colloid cysts, and certain deep-seated lesions may be suitable candidates.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">5. What is tractography?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Tractography is an MRI technique (DTI) that maps white matter pathways before surgery to help surgeons avoid critical neural connections.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">6. Does every patient need tractography?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Not always. It is especially useful when lesions are close to eloquent brain pathways.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">7. Is recovery faster?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Many selected patients experience smaller incisions, less pain, and earlier mobilization, although recovery varies with the underlying disease and surgery performed.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">8. Is this surgery available in India?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">Yes. Advanced minimally invasive white matter-sparing brain surgery is available in specialized neuroscience centers including Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital in Guntur.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">9. Can brain function be preserved completely?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">The goal is maximal preservation of neurological function, but outcomes depend on lesion location, disease biology, and individual patient factors.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"lg\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">10. How do I know if I&#8217;m a candidate?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">A neurosurgical consultation with MRI review, tractography when indicated, and individualized surgical planning is necessary.<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">Key Takeaways<\/h1>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/ehFa_K68NUvBRok5xTPdaMEJjFDFbBquDyf4jUrCPZujw2Wyv1w-CnAR8CrS_b6gg3CjT34ycvu_-GKtAvBgPnj6aTcUEaa5jy04XJ4gYiPkuUBMZXCH5gNmk8RPatmngmuWIO86GGH681FH8nikDajtRAcUCsJngVpWDY3ozSU?purpose=inline\" alt=\"White matter tracts in the brain [IMAGE] | EurekAlert! Science News Releases\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/d9p1hy3dC13bcqFX0dLv6yFILSGY8wPtJro7liJzwrxr-RpvYnwojSpKWmgIwv1FohaVPaGGu9yIlklIEzNEWm39oqQvC5v3bLocSvoJ7Z4KqAIYdFP6GfvKDNajlc3jvvyJNad78S72O4HN_vBc4Q9wQHWmbJsl6-ieNGwLeBcIUKW7mRUU27cOjnuByyyW?purpose=inline\" alt=\"A team of surgeons performing brain surgery to remove a tumor.\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-clip=\"true\" data-d-component=\"box\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\">\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Image BjVYla_OverlayBox BjVYla_LoadingFrame\" data-d-component=\"image\" data-d-frame=\"\">\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CrFGHG_Image BjVYla_Image BjVYla_LoadingImage\" draggable=\"false\" src=\"https:\/\/images.openai.com\/static-rsc-4\/y01EzE1RcNKdro-qkBub6JooPYejsR1UNWks6fCkReAgXHr1-M4bbUl1BnU_7OX2K7URgULDGlHl00arQqZG23fPHUBErpj7X9AXCRYW0sLVPfApFfR9uPz7CeZqmTS6dZi4aILAKds_PPaiwtskmzWX2iACrbyg7Mnz5e542oQ?purpose=inline\" alt=\"Elements Fibertracking | Brainlab\" data-loaded=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_LoadingSurface\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box _48e6ya_LoadingBlock\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"loading-block\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Overlay\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"end\" data-d-auto-spacing=\"\" data-d-component=\"col\" data-d-direction=\"col\" data-d-has-width=\"\" data-d-justify=\"end\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div class=\"oIb9lq_Box\" data-d-align=\"center\" data-d-component=\"row\" data-d-direction=\"row\" data-d-has-width=\"\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"xs\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\" data-d-inline=\"\">6<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"BjVYla_Frame\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">White Matter-Sparing Surgery represents one of the most significant advances in modern neurosurgery because it shifts the surgical philosophy from <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">simply reaching a lesion<\/span> to <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">protecting the brain&#8217;s communication networks while treating disease<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">For carefully selected patients with deep-seated brain tumors, cavernomas, intraventricular lesions, and other complex pathologies, minimally invasive cylindrical corridor surgery offers a highly precise approach centered on preserving neurological function whenever possible.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">As highlighted during <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla&#8217;s keynote lecture at the World Neurosciences Summit 2026<\/span> and subsequently featured in <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">The Hindu<\/span>, the future of neurosurgery lies in combining advanced imaging, neuronavigation, microsurgical precision, and white matter preservation to achieve better patient outcomes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/guntur-neurosurgeon-highlights-minimally-invasive-brain-surgery\/article71403757.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">THE HINDU_vijayawada.30_08_2026.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.india.com\/money\/world-neurosciences-summit-2026-invited-faculty-dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-highlights-cylinder-surgery-a-white-matter-sparing-strategy-for-deep-seated-brain-lesions-8513440\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026_ Invited Faculty Dr. Mohana Rao Pat_ &#8211; [www.india.com] (1).pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<h1 class=\"w6asjq_TextBase GgxHUa_Title\" data-d-component=\"title\" data-d-size=\"xl\" data-d-weight=\"semibold\">About the Author<\/h1>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla<\/span> is an internationally fellowship-trained neurosurgeon and the Founder &amp; Chief Neurosurgeon of <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital \u2013 International Institute of Neurosciences<\/span>, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/p>\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\">His advanced training includes skull base surgery, pediatric neurosurgery, minimally invasive brain surgery, neuro-oncology, cerebrovascular and endovascular neurosurgery, and functional neurosurgery in India and the United States. He regularly serves as invited faculty at national and international neuroscience conferences and delivered a keynote lecture at the <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026<\/span> on <span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-default-strong=\"\" data-d-inline=\"\">White Matter-Sparing Minimally Invasive Cylindrical Corridor Surgery<\/span>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"Wl_3jG_Trigger\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" data-d-component=\"popover-trigger\" data-d-inline-text=\"\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-state=\"closed\">\n<div class=\"ANObbW_Badge lKEGNW_Badge\" data-color=\"secondary\" data-size=\"sm\" data-pill=\"\" data-variant=\"soft\" data-d-component=\"badge\" data-d-hoverable=\"\" data-d-weight=\"normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.india.com\/money\/world-neurosciences-summit-2026-invited-faculty-dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-highlights-cylinder-surgery-a-white-matter-sparing-strategy-for-deep-seated-brain-lesions-8513440\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\" data-d-size=\"3xs\" data-d-inline=\"\" data-d-truncate=\"true\" data-d-clamp-lines=\"true\">World Neurosciences Summit 2026_ Invited Faculty Dr. Mohana Rao Pat_ &#8211; [www.india.com] (1).pdf<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"S6IMGG_Divider\" data-d-component=\"divider\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Content\">\n<div class=\"PSWZZq_Label\">\n<p class=\"w6asjq_TextBase _85PZeG_Text\" data-d-component=\"text\"><span style=\"font-size: 1.28571rem;\">Authoritative Neurosurgical Resources<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/wfns.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nWorld Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS)<br \/>\n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cns.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nCongress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS)<br \/>\n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aans.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nAmerican Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS)<br \/>\n<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ninds.nih.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><br \/>\nNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)<br \/>\n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Patients with deep-seated gliomas, meningiomas, metastatic tumors, and other complex lesions may benefit from<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/brain-tumor-surgery-guntur-andhra-pradesh-india\/\"><br \/>\nBrain Tumor Surgery\u00a0<\/a>performed using modern white matter-sparing microsurgical techniques.\u00a0Many lesions located near the skull base require specialized\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/skull-base-surgery-guntur-andhra-pradesh-india\/\">Skull Base Surgery\u00a0<\/a><br \/>\ncombined with advanced neuronavigation and minimally invasive approaches.<\/p>\n<p>Our comprehensive\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/neuro-oncology-brain-tumor-treatment-guntur-india\/\">Neuro-Oncology Program\u00a0<\/a>focuses on personalized treatment for benign and malignant brain tumors.\u00a0Children with deep-seated brain tumors may benefit from advanced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/pediatric-neurosurgery-guntur-andhra-pradesh-india\/\">Pediatric Neurosurgery\u00a0<\/a>that prioritizes preservation of developing neural pathways.<\/p>\n<p>Selected intraventricular tumors and colloid cysts can often be treated using\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/endoscopic-brain-surgery-guntur-andhra-pradesh-india\/\">Endoscopic Brain Surgery\u00a0<\/a>or minimally invasive cylindrical corridor techniques.<\/p>\n<p>White matter-sparing surgery relies heavily on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/neuronavigation-guided-brain-surgery-guntur-india\/\">Neuronavigation-Guided Brain Surgery\u00a0<\/a><br \/>\nto identify the safest surgical pathway while protecting eloquent brain regions.<\/p>\n<p>Patients with epilepsy caused by cavernomas or focal cortical lesions may also be candidates for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/epilepsy-surgery-guntur-andhra-pradesh-india\/\">Epilepsy Surgery\u00a0<\/a>using minimally invasive neurosurgical strategies.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more about the international training, experience, research, and surgical philosophy of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/dr-mohana-rao-patibandla-biography\/\">Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla <\/a>Founder of Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital \u2013 International Institute of Neurosciences.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/@mrpatiban\">YouTube<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Dr.Raoshospital.Neurosurgeon\/\">Facebook<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dr_mohana_rao\/\">Instagram<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/g.page\/r\/CSzUiYw6Fj7IEBE\">Google Business Page<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/drpatibandla\/\">LinkedIn<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/MohanaRaoPatib\">X \/ Twitter<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- ================= DR. RAO'S HOSPITAL CTA SECTION START ================= --><\/p>\n<section style=\"background: #0b2c5f; color: #ffffff; padding: 50px 30px; border-radius: 16px; margin: 50px 0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif;\">\n<h2 style=\"font-size: 34px; color: #ffffff; margin-bottom: 15px;\">Need Expert Care for a Brain Tumor or Deep-Seated Brain Lesion?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8; margin-bottom: 20px;\">At <strong>Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital \u2013 International Institute of Neurosciences (IIN)<\/strong>,<br \/>\nwe provide advanced <strong>White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>Minimally Invasive Brain Tumor Surgery<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>Skull Base Surgery<\/strong>, <strong>Endoscopic Brain Surgery<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>Neuro-Oncology<\/strong>, <strong>Pediatric Neurosurgery<\/strong>,<br \/>\n<strong>Stroke Care<\/strong>, and <strong>Spine Surgery<\/strong> using internationally<br \/>\nrecognized technology and evidence-based treatment protocols.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.8;\">Every patient receives a personalized surgical plan based on advanced MRI,<br \/>\nneuronavigation, white matter tractography, intraoperative neuromonitoring,<br \/>\nand minimally invasive microsurgical techniques designed to preserve neurological function whenever possible.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-top: 30px; margin-bottom: 30px;\"><a style=\"background: #ffb400; color: #0b2c5f; padding: 16px 30px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; margin-right: 15px; display: inline-block;\" href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\ud83d\udcc5 Book an Appointment<br \/>\n<\/a><a style=\"background: #ffffff; color: #0b2c5f; padding: 16px 30px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 18px; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 8px; display: inline-block;\" href=\"tel:+919010056444\"><br \/>\n\ud83d\udcde Call +91 90100 56444<br \/>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<hr style=\"border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2); margin: 35px 0;\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"color: #ffcc33;\">Why Choose Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital?<\/h3>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 2; font-size: 17px; padding-left: 20px;\">\n<li>Internationally Fellowship-Trained Neurosurgeon \u2013 <strong>Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Dedicated Super-Specialty Neurosciences Hospital in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.<\/li>\n<li>Advanced White Matter-Sparing &amp; Minimally Invasive Brain Surgery.<\/li>\n<li>Brain Tumor, Skull Base, Pediatric, Spine, Stroke &amp; Endovascular Neurosurgery.<\/li>\n<li>Neuronavigation, Neurophysiological Monitoring &amp; High-End Microsurgical Technology.<\/li>\n<li>Comprehensive Neuro-Oncology, Neurocritical Care and Rehabilitation.<\/li>\n<li>24\u00d77 Emergency Brain, Stroke and Spine Care.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr style=\"border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.2); margin: 35px 0;\" \/>\n<h3 style=\"color: #ffcc33;\">Contact Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital<\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.8; font-size: 17px;\"><strong>Dr. Rao&#8217;s Hospital \u2013 International Institute of Neurosciences (IIN)<\/strong><br \/>\n12-19-67, Old Bank Road, Kothapet,<br \/>\nOpposite Sravani Hospital, Besides AK Biryani point,<br \/>\nGuntur \u2013 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 2; font-size: 17px;\">\ud83d\udcde <a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"tel:+919010056444\">+91 90100 56444<\/a><br \/>\n\u2709\ufe0f <a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"mailto:info@drraoshospitals.com\">info@drraoshospitals.com<\/a><br \/>\n\ud83c\udf10 <a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"https:\/\/drraoshospitals.com\/neww\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.drraoshospitals.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>White Matter-Sparing Brain Surgery: The Future of Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery for Deep-Seated Brain Lesions Featured in The Hindu (Vijayawada Edition, 30 August 2026) following Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla&#8217;s keynote presentation at the World Neurosciences Summit (WNS) 2026, New Delhi. THE HINDU_vijayawada.30_08_2026.pdf World Neurosciences Summit 2026_ Invited Faculty Dr. Mohana Rao Pat_ &#8211; [www.india.com].pdf Cornerstone Article [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25228,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,339,734,51,52,150],"tags":[192,4691,1496,23,4692,4693,4694,3066,4695,532,534,4696,4697,2851,4255,4698,4699,119,501,482,4700,2606,1330,152,4701,293,399,2062,2095,4702,4703,1752,4704,4705,4706,2103,2892,4707,4596,4708,2481,83,510,4247,2506,2236,4709,4269,4710,4711,4712,4713,4714],"class_list":["post-26508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brain-hemorrhage","category-brain-path","category-brain-tumor-surgery","category-brain-tumors","category-brian-cancer","category-famous-neurosurgeon-in-india","tag-advanced-neurosurgery","tag-ai-in-neurosurgery","tag-andhra-pradesh","tag-best-neurosurgeon-in-india","tag-brain-lesion-surgery","tag-brain-mapping","tag-brain-surgery-technology","tag-brain-tumor-specialist-guntur","tag-brain-tumor-surgeon-india","tag-brain-tumor-surgery","tag-brain-tumor-treatment","tag-cavernoma-surgery","tag-cylindrical-corridor-surgery","tag-deep-brain-tumor-surgery","tag-deep-seated-brain-lesions","tag-deep-seated-brain-tumor-surgery","tag-diffusion-tensor-imaging","tag-dr-raos-hospital","tag-dr-mohana-rao-patibandla","tag-dr-rao-2","tag-dti-tractography","tag-endoscopic-brain-surgery","tag-epilepsy-surgery","tag-functional-neurosurgery","tag-glioma-surgery","tag-guntur","tag-india","tag-international-institute-of-neurosciences","tag-intraoperative-neuromonitoring","tag-keynote-speaker","tag-microsurgery","tag-minimally-invasive-brain-surgery","tag-minimally-invasive-cylindrical-corridor-surgery","tag-modern-brain-surgery","tag-neuro-oncology","tag-neuronavigation","tag-neuronavigation-guided-brain-surgery","tag-neuroscience-conference","tag-neurosciences","tag-neurosurgeon-guntur","tag-neurosurgeon-india","tag-neurosurgery","tag-pediatric-neurosurgery","tag-precision-neurosurgery","tag-skull-base-surgery","tag-surgical-innovation","tag-the-hindu-news","tag-white-matter-preservation","tag-white-matter-sparing-surgery","tag-white-matter-tractography","tag-white-matter-sparing-brain-surgery","tag-wns-2026","tag-world-neurosciences-summit-2026"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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