Introduction Smoking cigarettes has been proven to have numerous negative effects on the human body, including the brain, bones, and spine. In this article, we will explore the implications of
Introduction A biopsy is a medical procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the body for examination. Biopsies are performed for many reasons, including to diagnose
Introduction Back pain is a common complaint during pregnancy. In fact, it is estimated that 50-70% of pregnant women will experience some degree of back pain at some point during
Introduction Acute low back pain is a common condition that affects millions of people each year. The vast majority of cases will resolve on their own with self-care and home
Introduction Neurosurgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Introduction Cerebral angiography is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize the blood vessels in the brain. It is often used to evaluate patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).