Introduction The human sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory system, which consists of the nose and the olfactory nerve. The olfactory nerve is a cranial nerve that transmits
Introduction Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a surgical procedure used to treat neck pain and other symptoms associated with cervical disc degeneration. The procedure involves removing the damaged
Introduction The cervical spine is comprised of the bones in the neck. The discs between the vertebrae act as shock absorbers, and allow for a small amount of movement in
Introduction A low back strain or sprain is a common injury caused by overstretching or tearing the muscles and ligaments in your lower back. Symptoms can range from mild to
Introduction A Chiari malformation is a condition where the brain tissue extends into the spinal canal. It can cause a number of symptoms, including headaches, neck pain, and problems with
Introduction A Tarlov's cyst is a type of spinal cyst that can pressure the nerves in your spine. This can cause pain, tingling, or numbness in your legs or buttocks.