Category Archives: Epilepsy Treatment

Concept Of Memory Loss

The best memory loss treatment in Guntur Dr Raos hospital

The best memory loss treatment in Guntur Dr Raos hospital

There are many types of Amnesia, each with its symptoms, causes, and risk factors. Both psychological factors—such as trauma or stress—and physical ones—such as a head injury—can contribute to amnesia. The most common type of Amnesia is retrograde Amnesia, which is the inability to remember events that occurred before the onset of Amnesia. The second most common type of Amnesia is anterograde Amnesia, which is the inability to remember events that occur after the beginning of Amnesia. Treatment for Amnesia typically includes cognitive rehabilitation and medications. The prognosis for Amnesia depends on the underlying cause. Dr Raos Hospital is the best for treating memory loss or amnesia. Dr Rao is the best brain surgeon, neurologist, and spine surgeon available in Guntur for help. Contact us at 9010056444 or 9010057444

Retrograde Amnesia

Retrograde Amnesia is the inability to remember events before the onset of Amnesia. The severity of retrograde Amnesia can vary from person to person. Some people may only have difficulty remembering events from the past few days, while others may not be able to remember anything from before the onset of Amnesia. The cause of retrograde Amnesia can be either psychological or physical. Psychological causes of retrograde Amnesia include trauma, concussion, stress, and anxiety. Physical causes of retrograde Amnesia include head injuries, strokes, infections, and brain tumors. Typically, people forget the recent past compared to old memories. Treatment for retrograde Amnesia normally includes cognitive rehabilitation, occupational therapy, technological assistance, and medications. The prognosis for retrograde Amnesia depends on the underlying cause.

Dr Raos Hospital is the best neurology hospital in Guntur and Andhra Pradesh; if you need any neurological service, don’t hesitate to call us @ 9010056444

Anterograde Amnesia

Anterograde Amnesia is the inability to remember events after the onset of Amnesia. The severity of anterograde Amnesia can vary from person to person. Some people may only have difficulty remembering events from the past few days, while others may not be able to remember anything from after the onset of Amnesia. The cause of anterograde Amnesia can be either psychological or physical. Psychological causes of anterograde Amnesia include trauma, stress, and anxiety. Physical causes of anterograde amnesia include head injuries, strokes, and brain tumors. People cannot form new memories if damage occurs in the thalamus or hippocampal formation. Treatment for anterograde Amnesia typically includes cognitive rehabilitation, occupational therapy, technological assistance, and medications. The prognosis for anterograde Amnesia depends on the underlying cause.

Dr Raos Hospital is the best neurology and Neurosurgery hospital in India; if you need any neurological service, don’t hesitate to call us @ 9010056444

Psychogenic Amnesia

Psychological factors, such as trauma or stress, cause Psychogenic Amnesia. The severity of psychogenic Amnesia can vary from person to person. Some people may only have difficulty remembering events from the past few days, while others may not be able to remember anything from before the onset of Amnesia. Treatment for psychogenic Amnesia typically includes cognitive rehabilitation, occupational therapy, technological assistance, and medications. The prognosis for psychogenic Amnesia depends on the underlying cause.

ThreeBestRated recognized Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla as the best neurosurgeon.

Functional Amnesia

A head injury is one example of a physical factor that can cause functional amnesia. The severity of functional Amnesia can vary from person to person. Some people may only have difficulty remembering events from the past few days, while others may not be able to remember anything from before the onset of Amnesia. Treatment for functional Amnesia typically includes cognitive rehabilitation, occupational therapy, technological assistance, and medications. The prognosis for functional Amnesia depends on the underlying cause.

Transient Global Amnesia

Transient global Amnesia is a type of Amnesia that is characterized by the sudden onset of memory loss. Memory loss is usually temporary and lasts for less than 24 hours. The cause of transient global Amnesia is unknown, but it is thought to be related to physical or psychological stress. There is no specific treatment for transient global amnesia, but the condition usually resolves independently. The prognosis for transient global amnesia is generally reasonable.

Dr Raos Hospital is the best neurology and Neurosurgery hospital in Guntur and India; if you need any neurological service, don’t hesitate to call us @ 9010056444

Dissociative Amnesia

Dissociative Amnesia is a type of Amnesia that is characterized by the inability to remember certain aspects of one’s life. The cause of dissociative Amnesia is unknown, but it is thought to be related to psychological stress. There is no specific treatment for dissociative amnesia, but the condition usually resolves independently. The prognosis for dissociative Amnesia is generally reasonable.

Dr Rao is awarded as the best neurosurgeon of the year 2022 by several foundations.

Conclusion:

Amnesia is a condition that can significantly impact a person’s life. Both psychological factors—such as trauma or stress—and physical ones—such as a head injury—can contribute to amnesia. Many types of amnesia exist, each with its symptoms, causes, and risk factors. The most common type of Amnesia is retrograde Amnesia, which is the inability to remember events that occurred before the onset of Amnesia. The second most common type of Amnesia is anterograde Amnesia, which is the inability to remember events that occur after the beginning of Amnesia. Treatment for Amnesia typically includes cognitive rehabilitation and medications. The prognosis for Amnesia depends on the underlying cause. Dr. Raos Hospital is the best in treating memory loss, amnesia, or any neurological disorders and is the best neurology hospital in Guntur; Dr. Rao is the best brain surgeon, Neurosurgeon, neurologist, and spine surgeon available in Guntur and India for help. Contact us at 9010056444 or 9010057444

the-best-fibromyalgia-treatment-in-guntur-dr-raos-hospital

The best fibromyalgia treatment in Guntur Dr Raos Hospital

 

Introduction

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that causes widespread pain and fatigue and can be mentally and physically distressing. Fibromyalgia is nothing but fibrous tissue and muscle pain. There will be several symptoms, including muscle soreness, back pain, insomnia, Depression, and fatigue. It is often a misunderstood condition, and doctors most often misdiagnose it. It is estimated to affect approximately 2–4% of the population, and women are affected 3–9 times more than men. Fibromyalgia can profoundly impact the quality of life, and there is currently no cure. If you are looking for the best treatment for fibromyalgia, you should go to Dr Raos hospital, which is best treated by Dr. Rao, the best neurosurgeon, spine surgeon, and spine specialist.

Causes and triggers

There are many assumptions about what causes fibromyalgia, but the exact cause is unknown. However, some risk factors have been identified, including family history, genetic factors, and certain medical conditions. Several associated diseases can occur in fibromyalgia, the most problematic of which are those that affect the heart and lungs. The medical disorders that increase the risk of fibromyalgia are Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Celiac disease, and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. 

Symptoms 

Back pain, neck pain, whole body pain, memory and concentration issues, fatigue, refreshing sleep, abdominal pain, headache, constipation, diarrhea, and mood problems. Stress, Sleep deprivation, surgery, repetitive movements, poor posture, trauma, and infection can trigger these flare-ups. Fibromyalgia can lead to muscle deconditioning, spondylosis, disc problems, or spinal stenosis. The pain associated with fibromyalgia is often diffuse and difficult to localize to a nerve segment. 

Fibromyalgia is known for coexisting diseases. These comorbidities can include Anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, autoimmune diseases, Depression, irritable bowel syndrome, cystitis, irritable bladder, migraine, vulvodynia, pelvic floor dysfunction, orthostatic tachycardia, PTSD, Raynaud’s phenomenon, sleep irregularities, restless leg syndrome, etc.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is difficult in fibromyalgia, as there is no specific test for the condition. Conditions that mimic fibromyalgia symptoms include Anemia, Inflammatory diseases, Rheumatoid arthritis, Muscle disorders, Thyroid dysfunction, Depression and other mood disorders, Nerve damage, Gastrointestinal conditions, and cancers. Of course, a doctor may be able to diagnose fibromyalgia based on symptoms and medical history, along with the exclusion of the other mimics of fibromyalgia. 

Patients can expect blood tests looking at things such as:

1) Blood counts

2) Thyroid function

3) Kidney function

4) Muscle enzymes

5) Electrolytes

6) Blood sugar

7) Liver enzymes

Treatment

There is no cure for fibromyalgia, but there are treatments that can help manage the symptoms. These include medication, exercise, ozone therapy, diet, and relaxation techniques. Certain drugs like NSAIDs, topical ointments, neuromodulators like Gabapentin or Pregabalin, muscle relaxants, and antidepressants are helpful. Surgery is not an option for fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia patients are best treated in a comprehensive pain management program or practice with psychologists and psychiatrists, pain management doctors, physical therapists, and nutritionists.

Prognosis

The prognosis for fibromyalgia is generally good, but the condition can vary significantly from person to person. Some people may experience only mild symptoms, while others may have more severe symptoms that can dramatically impact their quality of life. 

Conclusion

Fibromyalgia is a complex condition that can be difficult to diagnose and treat. However, Dr. Raos Hospital has an excellent track record in treating fibromyalgia and helping patients manage their symptoms. If you have fibromyalgia, it is worth seeking out their expert care. Several treatments can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life. Dr. Raos Hospital is unique in treating fibromyalgia, offering a multidisciplinary approach that includes medical and psychological interventions. Contact us @ 9010056444 or 9010057444 for appointments.

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the-best-back-pain-treatment-in-guntur-is-dr-raos

The best Back Pain treatment in Guntur is Dr Raos

The best Back Pain treatment in Guntur is Dr Raos

Know your spine

Your spine consists of 33 bones (vertebrae) and 23 shock absorbers (discs), carrying 31  pairs of nerves. The discs have interior gel and exterior, firm cartilage. The spinal column primarily protects the spinal cord and nerves, carrying the weight on its long axis. The spinal column is divided into cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions, or, in layman’s terms, neck, midback, or lower back areas. The neck and lower back are highly mobile, and the middle back is relatively less mobile and is attached to the rib cage and sternum.

In the same way, neck or lower back pain is more common than mid-back pain. Suppose you are looking for a back pain specialist, spine surgeon, or spine neurosurgeon. In that case, your choice is Dr Raos Hospital, the best spine surgery, spinal surgery, or spine specialist hospital in Guntur, India. Call us at 9010056444 or 9010057444. Dr. Rao is the best minimally invasive spine surgeon available in India, and he is the top neurosurgeon in India, according to MIDDAY Newspaper.

The most common reason for mid-back pain is a muscle sprain or strain.

“The most common reason I see people with upper or midback pain is a simple musculoskeletal strain,” says Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla, CMD, Dr. Raos Hospital, Guntur. Generally, you hurt your back while doing yard work or tennis. Spinal cord injury is also a possibility, but it occurs with injury. Typically, spinal injuries occur in older adults with osteoporosis and young people due to falling from heights.

What are the Symptoms of your mid- or upper back pain?

If you get pain in your upper back following a weekend’s enjoyment, it is most likely a muscle sprain. You may experience:

  1. Pain
  2. Tenderness to touch
  3. Headache
  4. Tightness
  5. Stiffness

If the pain is secondary to the nerves, bones, or discs of the dorsal spine, you may get symptoms like:

  1. Pain down the legs
  2. Pain in the lower back
  3. Numbness or weakness in your legs
  4. Incontinence (bowel and bladder incontinence)

What causes your mid-back or upper back pain?

1. Soft tissue injury like muscle sprain is generally due to everyday behavioral activities, including but not limited to

  1. Poor posture
  2. Twisting
  3. Text neck
  4. Lifting improperly
  5. Whiplash or other neck injuries
  6. Repetitive movements
  7. Overuse
  8. Carrying too heavy a load
  9. Contact sports
  10. Wearing an overloaded backpack

2. When you look at the senior population, the list of common causes expands. “In elderly people, we have to consider osteoporosis and compression fractures, as well as the rare occasion of a neoplasm, such as multiple myeloma and lymphoma,” Dr. Rao says. No need to be a senior to experience a problem directly related to your thoracic spine, though.

  1. Osteoarthritis
  2. Inflammatory conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis
  3. Herniated disc
  4. Fracture of a vertebra
  5. Osteoporosis
  6. Cancers that affect the spine
  7. Spinal stenosis

Don’t let that long list of potential, severe conditions alarm you too much. “In younger patients – and when I say young, I mean people up to their mid-60s – it’s most commonly a strain,” Dr. Rao says.

What are the Risk Factors for your mid-back or lower back pain?

  1. Acute, unaccustomed work
  2. Sedentary lifestyle
  3. Psychological depression or anxiety
  4. Excess weight or obesity
  5. Belly fat
  6. Smoking

Smoking – This terrible habit reduces blood flow to the spine, which prevents your back from getting the nutrients it needs to stay healthy. Your discs might degenerate because of smoking. In some people, quitting smoking may help restore some of the loss. But even when the discs don’t regenerate, quitting smoking reduces inflammation that causes back pain.

What tests are needed for the diagnosis?

  1. Good clinical history – red flags like fever, weight loss, weakness of legs, decreasing sensation over the body or legs, severe pain, bowel or bladder involvement
  2. Clinical exam: tenderness, multiple tender bones, weakness, or decreased sensation
  3. MRI: If you have “red flags such as a weakness or bowel or bladder incontinence,” you may get more advanced testing like MRI,” Dr. Rao says.
  4. They can show herniated disks, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and other problems.
  5. Blood tests for infection or inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis or multiple myeloma.
  6. DEXA scan: Osteoporosis
  7. NCS
  8. EMG

What kind of management do I need?

Nonoperative or conservative management includes the initial management options like Icing, heating, over-the-counter medication, gentle stretching, restriction of activity for 2 to 3 days but not absolute bed rest, Posture exercises like chin tuck, Imagery, Shoulder blade squeeze, upper back stretch, and prescription medications like muscle relaxants if needed.

Most upper or mid-back pain will subside within three weeks, and nonserious problems will subside within six weeks. Resume your regular activities slowly, and perform and increase activities if you don’t have hurt.

Why do you need surgery as an option?

Surgery – The idea of spine surgery itself is scary, but occasionally it’s the right choice to get relief from symptoms. Surgery is very rarely indicated for isolated upper or mid-back pain.

Indications include –

  1. If persistent pain for more than six weeks
  2. does not decrease with medications,
  3. there are alarming symptoms like weakness, sensory disturbances, or bowel and bladder incontinence.
  4. MRI showing disc or cancerous lesions

Surgery Options

  1. Kyphoplasty or
  2. Vertebroplasty
  3. Spinal laminectomy/spinal decompression
  4. Microdiscectomy
  5. Spinal Fixation and Fusion

How will my back pain repair be?

Pain relief depends on the cause of the pain in the mid-back or upper back.

  1. The bad news is some people will never be pain-free. Chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia or spinal stenosis – it’s essential to manage expectations for relief, says Dr. Rao; “The truth is that chronic pain is an emotion, and there is no cure. You can only manage it,” says Rao. That means a combination of physical and mental therapy is required.
  2. The excellent news is that that musculoskeletal pain can be greatly improved simply by moving sore muscles more. However, with back pain, especially if you don’t know the cause yet, Dr. Rao warns against doing this on your own.
  3. The best news is most back pains get better on their own, even if you do nothing but exercise patience.

When to call your doctor for upper back pain or mid-back pain?

There’s no need to rush to the doctor for an exam for mild upper back soreness that you can link to an activity. When you have upper back pain and other symptoms like leg weakness, decreased sensation, or bowel and bladder control issues, it’s worth calling your doctor to determine the next steps. The thing is, upper back pain affects everyone differently. Partly, that’s because there are so many possible reasons for your upper back (also mid back) pain. The first step in solving your upper back pain problem is understanding why it’s happening. To do that, start with learning your anatomy.

 

If you are looking for a back pain specialist, spine surgeon, or spine neurosurgeon, your choice is Dr Raos Hospital, the best spine surgery or spine specialist hospital in Guntur and India. Call us at 9010056444 or 9010057444. Dr. Rao is the best minimally invasive surgeon available in India and one of the top neurosurgeons in India, according to the Midday Newspaper.

the-best-treatment-for-ankylosing-spondylitis-in-guntur-dr-raos

The best treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis in Guntur Dr Raos

The best treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis in Guntur Dr Raos

Ankylosing spondylitis is a common form of arthritis that can cause severe pain in the spine. A combination of genetic and environmental factors may be to blame for the chronic condition ankylosing spondylitis. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, discuss treatment options with your doctor, Dr Rao, the best neurosurgeon and spine surgeon in Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, and India. Dr Raos hospital is the best neurosurgery hospital in India, Guntur and Andhra Pradesh provide the best spine surgery, spinal surgery or spine specialist care for ankylosing spondylitis. Call us at 9010056444 or 9010057444 for an appointment.

Definition of ankylosing spondylitis:

Ankylosis means joints fuse and become unmovable, and spondylitis is inflammation involving the spine’s vertebrae and facet joints.

The spine becomes stiff and immobile when vertebrae or other bones/joints fuse. AS commonly involves sacroiliac joints but may affect other joints like the spine and cause kyphosis.

    1. Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of arthritis that can affect the spine.

    2. The pain associated with ankylosing spondylitis can be severe.

    3. Ankylosing spondylitis is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

B. Demographics of ankylosing spondylitis

    1. Ankylosing spondylitis is most common in men.

    2. Ankylosing spondylitis is also more common in people between the ages of 30 and 60.

C. Causes of ankylosing spondylitis

1. It is believed that a combination of genetic (HLA B27) and environmental factors is what causes ankylosing spondylitis.

    2. Environmental factors that may increase your risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis include your family history and your overall health.

D. Risk factors for ankylosing spondylitis

    1. Age is one of the main risk factors for ankylosing spondylitis.

    2. Other risk factors for ankylosing spondylitis include smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.

E. Symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis

  1. The classic symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis include severe pain in your spine, stiffness, and limited movement.
  2. Other symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis can include fatigue, mood swings, and trouble sleeping.
  3. Inflammation in key areas. AS could be to blame if you experience discomfort in different parts of your body. The places most often affected by AS include:
  4. SI joints
  5. Lower back vertebrae
  6. Hip and shoulder joints
  7. The entheses, or areas where tendons and ligaments attach to bones, are mainly in your spine but sometimes at the back of your heels
  8. The cartilage around your ribs and breastbone

F. Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis

    1. Ankylosing spondylitis can often be diagnosed based on your medical history, symptoms, and blood work with HLA B27.

    2. Your doctor may order tests to confirm the diagnosis, such as an x-ray or an MRI.

G. Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

    1. The goal of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis is to reduce your pain and improve your mobility.

    2. Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis may include physical therapy, medications, and surgery.

  1. DMARDs prescribed to treat AS include methotrexate and sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
  2. Biologics such as adalimumab (Humira), certolizumab (Cimzia), secukinumab (Cosentyx), and ixekizumab (Taltz).
  3. Laminectomy
  4. Osteotomy
  5. Spinal instrumentation and fusion
  6. Joint replacement

H. Prognosis of ankylosing spondylitis

    1. The prognosis for ankylosing spondylitis varies based on age, symptoms, and treatment response.

    2. In some people with ankylosing spondylitis, the condition worsens over time.

I. Precautions for ankylosing spondylitis: FIRST AND FOREMOST QUIT SMOKING

    1. take precautions to prevent falls in people with ankylosing spondylitis.

    2. Avoid heavy lifting, which can aggravate ankylosing spondylitis.

    3. Be sure to wear supportive shoes around people with ankylosing spondylitis.

III. Conclusion

Ankylosing spondylitis is a common form of arthritis that can cause severe pain in the spine. A combination of genetic and environmental factors may be to blame for the chronic condition ankylosing spondylitis. If you or a loved one is diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, be sure to discuss treatment options with your doctor, Dr Rao, the best neurosurgeon and spine surgeon in Andhra Pradesh, Guntur, and India. Dr. Raos Hospital is the best neurosurgery hospital in India; Guntur and Andhra Pradesh provide the best spine surgery, spinal surgery, or spine specialist care for ankylosing spondylitis. Call us at 9010056444 or 9010057444 for an appointment.

the-best-sciatica-treatment-in-Guntur at Dr Rao's Hospital by Dr Rao

The best sciatica treatment in Guntur

Sciatica


Sciatica is a pain caused in the back of the leg due to irritation and inflammation secondary to nerve compression. The two most common causes of sciatica are herniated discs or lumbar canal stenosis. 8 out of 10 people’s pain decreases without surgery. Sciatica is a common condition that can cause pain in the lower back and legs. This article will discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for sciatica. Dr. Rao’s hospital is the place to go for spine surgery or spinal surgery treatment in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, or India. Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla is the best spine surgeon in Guntur and Andhra Pradesh.

What is sciatica?


The sciatic nerve is the thickest in the back, originating from the lower two lumbar or upper three sacral nerves. The irritation or inflammation leads to nerve pain and is called sciatica. The pain generally starts in the back or gluteals and then goes back to the bottom of the leg. Actual injury to the Sciatic nerve is rare, but the compression leads to pain. Sciatic compression may cause weakness of the leg and foot and tingling or unpleasant sensation in the leg and foot.

What does sciatica pain feel like?


Pain is burning or stabbing or electric or sharp shooting or jolts of pain. Pain may be intermittent or constant, more in the leg than the back, increasing with sitting or standing for a prolonged time, twisting the body, coughing, or sneezing.

Can sciatica occur down both legs?


Generally, bilateral nerve compression is rare but can occur sometimes and may present bilaterally.

Does it take time to develop?


Sciatica may be sudden or gradual.

How common is sciatica?


Back pain is one of the most common complaints to visit the hospital, and there is a 40% chance that every person will feel sciatica in their lifetime.

What are the risk factors for sciatica?

Accident or injury or trauma to the back
Aging
Overweight or obese
Weak core muscles, that is, the abdomen and back
Weight lifting
Prolonged sitting
Poor posture in Gym or workplace
Osteoarthritis
Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
Smoking

Is the weight of pregnancy the reason why so many pregnant women get sciatica?


Ligaments loosening due to hormones is the main reason for developing sciatica.

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES


What causes sciatica?

A herniated or slipped disk – the most common cause
Spinal stenosis
Spondylolisthesis
Osteoarthritis of aging with bone spurs
Trauma
Tumors
Piriformis syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome

What are the symptoms of sciatica?


Pain radiating down the leg
tingling numbness, pins and needles sensation in the legs radiating downwards
pain worsens with movement
Bowel and bladder incontinence

DIAGNOSIS AND TESTS


Medical History
Straight leg raise test
FABER Test
Spinal X-rays – Flexion and extension
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – will note detailed soft tissue problems, disc desiccation, disc prolapse, and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy.
Computed tomography (CT) scans fractures, infection, to know more about bony pathology.
Nerve conduction velocity studies (NCV) or electromyography (EMG)
Myelogram if MRI is contraindicated

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

How is sciatica treated?


The goal of treatment is to increase mobility and decrease pain; 8 out of 10 cases don’t need surgery.

Conservative management or self-care treatments:
Appling ice and hot packs: 20 min of hot or cold packs, switching between the hot and cold several times a day.
Taking over-the-counter medicines: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Performing gentle stretches: Core muscle strengthening

How long can a patient wait to go to a Neurosurgeon?


Every person with sciatic pain is different. Typically, six weeks of conservative management.
Muscle relaxants: cyclobenzaprine, tricyclic antidepressants, and anti-seizure medications.
Physical therapy: Stretching and aerobic exercises
Spinal injections: Corticosteroid and lidocaine mixture


When is surgery considered?


Indication of surgery is alarming symptoms like increasing pain severity even after six weeks, the development of weakness, or bowel or bladder incontinence. A neurosurgeon can do surgery immediately if a patient develops bowel or bladder symptoms or cauda equina syndrome.
The goal of the surgery is to decompress the nerve and stabilize the spine.

Surgical options to relieve sciatica include:
Microdiscectomy
Laminectomy
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion

How long does the surgery take, and what’s the typical recovery time?


Laminectomy and Discectomy (endoscopic or microscopic) – generally take one to two hours to perform. Recovery time is around six weeks.

What are the complications of spinal surgery?


Blood clots.
Bleeding.
Infection.
Spinal fluid leak
Nerve damage.
Bladder or bowel control incontinence.

What complications are associated with sciatica?


Developing chronic pain
Foot drop
Loss of feeling in the legs
bowel or bladder disturbance
call the Neurosurgeon immediately if anything develops

PREVENTION

Can sciatica be prevented?


Maintain good posture
Don’t smoke:
Maintain a healthy weight
Exercise regularly: strengthen your core
Activities that don’t hurt your back
Keep yourself safe from falls

OUTLOOK / PROGNOSIS

What can I expect if I have been diagnosed with sciatica?


The good news is that it goes on its own. Eight out of 10 people don’t need surgery, improve in the first six weeks, and rarely need surgery.

LIVING WITH

When should I contact my healthcare provider?

Severe leg pain increases even after six weeks, or excruciating pain lasting more than a few hours.
Muscle weakness or Numbness in the same leg.
Bowel or bladder incontinence
Cauda equina syndrome
Trauma
infection

Is the sciatic nerve the only source of “sciatica” pain?


No, upper or lower roots can also cause symptoms and are considered sciatica.

How can I tell if the pain in my hip is a hip issue or sciatica?


FABER test

Is radiculopathy the same as sciatica?


Radiculopathy and sciatica are interchangeable words.

Should I rest if I have sciatica?


2 to 3 days of activity restriction is advised, but not bed rest

Can sciatica cause my leg and ankle to swell?


Yes, it might cause swelling.

Sciatica is a pain in the back of the leg caused by irritation and inflammation secondary to nerve compression. The two most common causes of sciatica are herniated discs and lumbar canal stenosis. Six weeks of conservative treatment will reduce pain in most people. Eight out of 10 people’s pain decreases without surgery. Dr. Rao’s hospital is for spine surgery and spinal surgery treatment in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla is the best spine surgeon in Guntur and Andhra Pradesh.

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Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) – Dr Rao at Dr Rao’s Hospital

Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) – The best treatment at Dr Rao’s Hospital

Get the best neurosurgeon in Guntur. Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla is doing minimally invasive spine surgery with a fixation for a patient with cauda equine syndrome secondary to spine trauma.

Compression of the spinal cord results in Cauda Equina Syndrome, a severe neurological condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to improving the chances of a good outcome. The cauda equina is a bundle of nerves at the base of the spinal cord that controls movement and sensation in the legs and lower body. When these nerves are compressed, it can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs. Cauda Equina Syndrome is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. Guntur’s best spine surgery hospital offers round-the-clock emergency surgical services and care.

Causes:

Various factors, including a herniated disc, spinal tumors, or trauma to the spine, can cause this compression.

One of the most common causes of CES is a herniated disc. A herniated disc occurs when the outer layer of the disc ruptures, allowing the inner layer to bulge out and compress the nerves. This can happen due to various factors, including age-related wear and tear, injury, or lifting heavy objects.

Another common cause of CES is spinal tumors. Spinal tumors are growths that develop on or near the spine. They can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). While benign tumors are not usually life-threatening, they can still compress the nerves and cause CES.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a herniated disc include pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs and lower body. These symptoms can vary depending on the location of the herniated disc. In some cases, a herniated disc can also cause urinary incontinence. Malignant tumors are more likely to cause CES because they grow quickly and can spread to other body parts. Spinal tumor symptoms include back pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs and lower body. In some cases, a spinal tumor can also cause paralysis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Once the diagnosis of CES is made and the etiology is established through clinical history, physical examination, diagnostic tests like an MRI of the spine, CT myelogram, and emergent surgery are the treatments of choice. The goal of CES treatment is to free up the compressed nerve roots. if not treated in time, it will result in paralysis and incontinence. The duration of surgery symptoms is less than 48 hours, leading to a better prognosis and looking for the best neurosurgery or spine surgery hospital in Guntur. Look no further than Dr. Rao’s hospital! We’re the best in the business, and our neurosurgeon is the best in India!

Conclusion:

Cauda Equina Syndrome is a severe condition that can cause permanent nerve damage. The syndrome occurs when the cauda equina, a bundle of nerves at the base of the spine, is compressed. A herniated disc, spinal tumors, or spine trauma are just a few causes of this compression.

CES is a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment to prevent permanent nerve damage. Suppose you experience any of the symptoms of CES. In that case, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately and call Dr. Rao’s hospital at 9010056444 or 9010057444 for the best spine surgeon in India, Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla.

First Biplane cath lab in Andhra Pradesh, India at Dr Rao's Hospital for the advanced interventional neurology procedures

The Best Neurosurgery Hospital in Guntur With The Latest State of the Art Technology

The Best Neurosurgery Hospital in Guntur With The Latest State of the Art Technology

A hybrid operating theater is a type of operating room that combines the features of a traditional operating room and a catheterization lab. It is typically used for procedures that require both surgical and interventional radiology (IR) techniques. 

First biplane cathlab in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana diagnostic-tests-in-neurosurgery-the-best-at-dr-raos-guntur

first biplane cath lab in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana diagnostic-tests-in-neurosurgery-the-best-at-dr-Rao’s hospital-Guntur


Hybrid operation theater @ Dr. Rao’s hospital.

Some of the benefits of using a hybrid operating theater include: 

1. Increased efficiency: procedures typically requiring two separate rooms can be completed in one hybrid room, saving time and money. 

2. Better patient outcomes—Having all of the necessary equipment and personnel in one room can help ensure that procedures are performed safely and effectively. 

3. Enhanced safety: having a dedicated hybrid operating room can help reduce the risk of infection and other complications. 

4. Improved patient comfort—Patients may feel more comfortable knowing that they will not have to be moved between two different rooms during their procedure. 

Our hospital’s Biplane Cath Lab Hybrid operation theater is equipped with the latest 4K endoscopy and neuronavigation technology. This state-of-the-art equipment lets us provide our patients with the best possible care. 

Our hospital’s Biplane Cath Lab Hybrid operation theater is equipped with the latest 4K endoscopy and neuronavigation technology. This state-of-the-art equipment lets us provide our patients with the best possible care. 4K endoscopy provides superior image quality, which helps our doctors diagnose and treat conditions more accurately. 

This advanced equipment helps us to safely and effectively perform procedures such as brain surgery. Neuronavigation technology allows us to precisely target areas in the brain, while neuromonitoring helps us to monitor the patient’s neurological status during surgery. This information is essential to ensure that the procedure is being performed safely and effectively. 

Conclusion: Our hospital’s Biplane Cath Lab Hybrid operation theater is equipped with the latest 4K endoscopy and neuronavigation technology. This state-of-the-art equipment lets us provide our patients with the best possible care. Neuronavigation and neuromonitoring technology help us to safely and effectively perform procedures such as brain surgery.

 

Dyskinesia - the best treatment at Dr Rao's hospital, Guntur

Dyskinesia: Signs, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and the best treatment

Dyskinesia is a chronic neurological disorder that causes involuntary body movements. It is characterized by uncontrollable movements of the joints and muscles, often with a simultaneous movement disorder.

Dyskinesia can affect individuals at all levels of society. Although it frequently manifests as a behavioral symptom, overexposure to toxic substances or diseases like Huntington’s disease and encephalitis can also be the cause.

This post aims to provide information about dyskinesia, how it’s diagnosed, how it’s treated, and why you should take this condition seriously.

Dr Rao Hospital is the best spine surgery hospital in India. It provides the best treatment and surgery for all types of spine diseases.

Diagnosis of Dyskinesia

The first impression of a patient with Dyskinesia is that of a behavioral problem. However, repeated episodes may contradict this impression. In most cases, patients with this disorder present an intractable condition to medical professionals.

A diagnostic test is used to detect the presence of Dyskinesia. This may include muscle tone and reflex tests, neurological motor tests, and coordination assessments.

An MRI is the best way to identify if there are any other types of disorders.

Parkinson’s or Huntington’s disease, as well as any brain lesions that could affect the neuromuscular system. Moreover, Dr Rao Hospital is the best spine surgery hospital in India, and it provides the best treatment and test facilities for MRI, CT scans, and more.

Causes of Dyskinesia

Although many medical experts think that damage to the basal ganglia causes dyskinesia, the etiology and cause are still under investigation.

The best Neurosurgeon in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, suggests that the cause is neurological in nature and damage to the basal ganglia may be linked to other neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease.

Symptoms that tell about Dyskinesia

Depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, dyskinesia can have mild or severe symptoms. Some symptoms include sudden muscular movements, uncontrolled muscle jerking or spasms, and sudden movements repeated over a short period.

Neurologist doctors in Guntur say that the symptoms may appear purposeless, but in most cases, the movement is functional (referred to as functional dystonia).

Dyskinesia’s involuntary movements may range from mild tics (twitches) to severe spasticity. People with dyskinesia often experience pain and other symptoms related to their condition.

People with this disorder must receive a thorough evaluation by a medical specialist, such as a spine surgeon, who can determine what other causes of movement are present and take appropriate treatment steps.

Some signs of Dyskinesia

a. Rapid, jerky movements of part or all of the body
b. Muscle spasms
c. Abnormal movements that are repeated and appear purposeless
d. Spontaneous, uncontrolled muscle activity in one or both arms, legs, or face
e. Fluid-filled cavities within muscles
f. Uncontrollable tremor or shaking.

Conditions Linked to Dyskinesia

Treatment is tailored to the underlying cause and severity of the condition, which the evaluation of a medical specialist such as a spine surgeon in Guntur may determine.

Best spine specialists in Guntur suggest that Dyskinesia can be linked to the following conditions:

  1. Dystonia: Dystonia is a term for movement disorders that affect voluntary muscle groups (usually the muscles of facial expression). It can cause a variety of symptoms, including muscle cramps, spasms, and unusual postures.
  2. Parkinson’s disease: Parkinson’s is a disorder that often affects the basal ganglia system, which is responsible for controlling coordinated movement. In individuals with Parkinson’s disease, movement coordination is lost, and involuntary movements occur (see dyskinesia).
  3. Tardive dyskinesia: Tardive dyskinesia is a rare, irreversible movement disorder that usually appears after the long-term use of antipsychotic medications. Symptoms include involuntary jerking and repetitive movements.
  4. Huntington’s disease: Huntington’s disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder that causes involuntary movements (see dystonia).

Treatment Options for Dyskinesia

The goal of dyskinesia treatment is to eliminate or reduce the symptoms. Different treatments are used for different types of dyskinesias.

Most treatment options have limitations and should be discussed with a medical professional before implementation. The likelihood of success varies depending on the person with dyskinesia, the type of dyskinesia, and how well it is treated.

There are no effective treatments for all types of dyskinesias. However, if you experience dystonic movements, you may be able to take medication to prevent them.

From occurring without causing serious side effects, such as low blood pressure or sudden death (central nervous system toxicity).

Some steps to lower the chances of Dyskinesia and increase Recovery

  • Don’t take too much alcohol, especially if you are prone to having a seizure
  • Use a high-quality sleeping pill or herbal sleeping pill.
  • Good sleep hygiene is essential. If you drink too much coffee, don’t drink any at night for at least 24 hours.
  • Take a supplement that promotes the enzymatic breakdown of lipid compounds in human cells.
  • Do not take it rectally, if possible.
  • If you take it rectally, you will see that the supplement’s concentration is high and that you can absorb the amount needed.
  • Use a lot of fiber, antifungal fiber, etc., in combination with glutamine, especially for those with H. pylori or any other kind of gastric bacterial overgrowth in the stomach.

It is important to realize that dyskinesia does not have to be permanent and cannot be cured with surgery alone. Physical therapy and other behavioural therapies can sometimes avoid or reduce dyskinesia.

medical-myths-everything-you-need-to-know-about-epilepsy-2

Guillain-Barré syndrome- Symptoms, Causes and Everything you need to Know About

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disorder in which the immune system damages nerve cells, resulting in total muscle weakness, and sometimes paralysis. Symptoms usually appear one to six weeks after respiratory or gastrointestinal infection with Campylobacter jejuni and other organisms.

Although uncommon, Guillain-Barré syndrome can strike anyone at any age. While 80% recover, some people remain permanently paralyzed and 1% of people will die from complications such as respiratory failure or cardiac arrest.

. Guillain-Barré syndrome is not a single disease, but a spectrum of disorders of varying severity.

The cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is not known, but in most cases, people who develop the condition have recently been sick with viral or bacterial infection and have developed an immune system response to that infection.

Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla of Dr. Rao’s hospital, the best Neuro hospital in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh says that these infections include influenza (flu), gastroenteritis (infection of the stomach and intestines), pneumonia, dengue fever, and infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein–Barré syndrome virus (EBV).

It can cause

  • Muscle weakness with some people going into a state of total paralysis.
  • Cramps in Body
  • Pain In Body
  • Different Aches


There is cure and the condition generally leads to death in a very few cases. The syndrome most often begins in the feet and legs, causing muscle weakness that can produce rapid weakness which is of ascending type that means starts in the legs and goes upwards and other movements possibly indicating nerve damage. According to the best Neurosurgeon in Guntur, this disease if we find early we can cure it.

Causes of Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare disorder that is triggered by an infection of the nervous system. It has been linked to many types of infections, with the most frequent bacteria being Campylobacter jejuni (75%), but other bacteria have also been implicated such as group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, Salmonella typhi and E. coli. Infections of the nervous system are believed to be caused by an immune response to the infection that attacks components of nerves in peripheral nerves and the spinal cord, causing symptoms similar to those seen in Guillain-Barré syndrome.

The best neuro doctors in Guntur say that two possible processes have been suggested. The first one is that an infection may produce antibodies (autoantibodies) in the blood which attack peripheral nerves and their coverings, the myelin sheath.

The other possible mechanism is that infections may cause the body to produce immune cells called T cells that attack nerves directly.

Duration of Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barré syndrome can last for a few weeks or months, depending on how quickly the immune system responds, with recovery occurring within 3 to 6 months in 80% cases and up to 12 months in some cases.

Problems after having Guillain-Barré syndrome

  • During recovery from Guillain-Barré syndrome, the spinal cord is damaged and can be vulnerable to further damage.
  • Once someone has had a Guillain-Barré syndrome attack, it is important for them to take measures for their safety such as avoiding physical activity, wearing seat belts and being careful around equipment that may be dangerous during an attack.

This condition is well understood by the best spine specialists in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh and most people and can be scary for those who experience it.

Most of the time people who have this condition recover from it after one to four weeks. After recovery from this disease, many people will not have any further problems with this illness.

The patient is admitted to hospital after diagnosis for monitoring of:

  • Respiratory Function
  • Cardiac Function
  • Motor Strength
  • Blood Pressure
  • Neurological Status
  • Mobility and gait pattern

Treatment

Guillain-Barré syndrome is treated with the use of immunoglobulins to help manage paralysis. The steroids or immunoglobulins IVIG are usually given by injection intravenously.

Antibiotics are also used to treat any concomitant infections that may be present and to reduce inflammation in the body. The best neurology hospital in Guntur suggested having good ICU care is important in proper recovery.

80% people will recover fully within six months or less, but some parts of the body can stay paralyzed permanently.

You should vigorously do the physiotherapy and occupational therapy in the severely involved patients can do the following

● Physical therapy to regain strength
● Walking and Moving for doing daily tasks

Can COVID-19 vaccine will cause Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

The risk of developing Guillain-Barré syndrome following a course of vaccination is small, with most affected people having documented prior exposure to the disease, and having had their vaccination sometime after infection (rather than concurrently). Nevertheless, there may be a small risk that an infected person could develop Guillain-Barré syndrome following immunization.

SYNOPSIS

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. The exact cause of GBS is unknown, but it is thought to be triggered by an infection or other immune system disorder. Symptoms of GBS can range from mild to severe, and may include muscle weakness, paralysis, and even death. Early diagnosis and treatment of GBS is critical for the best possible outcome.

What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. The exact cause of GBS is unknown, but it is thought to be triggered by an infection or other immune system disorder. Symptoms of GBS can range from mild to severe, and may include muscle weakness, paralysis, and even death. Early diagnosis and treatment of GBS is critical for the best possible outcome.

What are the symptoms of Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Symptoms of GBS can range from mild to severe. Early symptoms may include muscle weakness, tingling, or numbness in the extremities. These symptoms can quickly progress to paralysis, and may even affect the muscles used for breathing. In some cases, GBS can be fatal. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical for the best possible outcome.

Conclusion:

Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare but serious autoimmune disorder that can have devastating consequences. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical for the best possible outcome. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of GBS, seek medical help immediately.

 

Looking for the best GBS or Guillain Barre syndrome treatment in Guntur, dont look further, visit Dr Raos hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India – 522001. Contact us @9010056444 or 9010057444.

medical-myths-everything-you-need-to-know-about-epilepsy

Medical Myths: Everything You Need to Know About Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes recurrent seizures. It is often difficult for people living with epilepsy to understand what it means to have a seizure and the life-altering consequences of the condition.

Learning about medical myths can help patients decrease the confusion, uncertainty, and fear they may feel about their diagnosis.

Myths about epilepsy can lead to misunderstanding and misinformation. There is no one medical myth that revolves around epilepsy; rather, they are common misconceptions that can be found in different communities and organizations.

The myths surrounding epilepsy can lead to unnecessary fear and anxiety.

Medical myths are false beliefs about medicine that people believe despite the evidence against them. They can range from incorrect information about how a drug works, the proper dosage of a medication, or common side effects associated with a medication.

People will often continue to believe in these types of myths because they feel that their doctor has made a mistake when recommending these medications or treatments.

Dr Rao’s hospital in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh is the best center for the epilepsy surgery and epilepsy treatment. It also has epileptologist and neurosurgeon Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla, who trained in epilepsy surgery in the united states  that participates in identification of the source of the epilepsy, its treatment and its management.

Myths About Epilepsy

Dr. Mohana Rao Patibandla, USA fellowship trained epilepsy surgeon explains the myths of epilepsy and need for the correct understanding about the epilepsy.Epilepsy affects anyone who has seizures:

All the Epilepsy is not a genetic condition with which people are born with it. The disease is caused by damage to the brain, and people who have seizures do not have an underlying brain problem.

Epilepsy is not contagious. It also does not mean that the person is likely to have another seizure in the future; they are only at higher risk of having another seizure, because they already have had one, or because their seizures are severe and difficult to control, requiring more treatment options.

All the patients of epilepsy have shaking body movements:

Epilepsy can affect more than one part of the body at the same time. But there are several different seizure patterns that epileptic individuals can experience. Some of them have the staring look, some of them stutter, some have flashing of light, some have laughter, some will have fear etc these are some examples of the seizures.

Although treatment varies from person to person, there is no single treatment for every type of epilepsy; rather, a combination of medications and lifestyle changes may be needed to achieve good seizure control for each patient.

Epileptics are unable to work:

People with uncontrolled seizures may be able to use medical leave and accommodations, such as flexible working schedules, that can help them continue to work.

Epileptics are dangerous:

Epilepsy is not a mental illness, and it does not cause someone to become violent or unpredictable. People with epilepsy are not likely to hurt themselves or others around them.

People with uncontrolled seizures may need additional medical care or supervision when they are having a seizure; however, in general, epileptics are able-bodied and safe to work alongside their coworkers.

Epilepsy is a contagious disease:

It is unlikely to become contagious from a healthy person to someone with epilepsy. It is possible to get a fever or infection from a person with epilepsy who has had an intense seizure and does not drink enough fluids.

However, it is unlikely for someone with epilepsy to pass this on to others through casual conversation.
Epilepsy can be caused by a variety of factors, including the following:

– After a head injury (See Traumatic brain injury)
– After a stroke
– Genetics
– Various infections, including meningitis, encephalitis, and abscesses in the brain
– Brain infections, including HIV
– Low oxygen levels before birth
– Worms or parasites inside or near the brain or spinal cord
– Complications from a difficult birth (See Prenatal conditions)

Epilepsy patients are emotionally unstable:

It is common for many people with epilepsy to have some degree of emotional instability. But this group of patients is not likely to be emotionally unstable. It is important to remember that while everyone experiences mood changes.

Depression and anxiety, which can cause emotional instability, these symptoms are usually not caused by epilepsy. Epilepsy patients are generally able to handle uncomfortable emotions healthily because they have been educated about the disease.

Epilepsy causes depression:

People with epilepsy are not more prone to developing depression than people who do not have the condition.

In addition, studies have shown that people with epilepsy may be less prone to depression or anxiety than non-epileptic individuals.

Epilepsy is a psychological condition:

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that is not caused by psychological disorders. However, epileptics often experience a great deal of fear and anxiety due to their condition.

They may develop depression or anxiety in response to the stress of living with a chronic illness. Epilepsy has also been linked to affective disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. But these conditions are not caused by epilepsy itself.

During seizures, all the persons with epilepsy lose consciousness and convulse:

Not all people with epilepsy have seizures that cause loss of consciousness or loss of muscle control.

A seizure can have different characteristics, and people with epilepsy may experience seizures that cause loss of consciousness or convulsions.
Moreover, some people with epilepsy have seizures without warning, even during sleep (called “sleep seizures”) or withdrawal from medication “withdrawal seizures”.

Epileptics should not become pregnant:

People with epilepsy can safely become pregnant, and being pregnant does not worsen their condition. Getting pregnant and becoming a parent may help patients control their seizures by giving them something else to focus on.

However, if they have complex or refractory epilepsy, they may be advised to wait until the condition is well controlled.

It is dangerous for someone suffering from epilepsy to go out in public:

Seizures can have different types, and they can occur at any time of the day or night.

This myth may arise because some seizures are more likely to occur during particular times of the day with certain triggers such as stress, lack of sleep and fatigue.

During a seizure, people frequently swallow their tongue:

Most people with epilepsy do not swallow their tongue during a seizure. If they are near water, however, they may aspirate water into their lungs and experience drowning.

The likelihood of this happening is even lower in an epileptic individual with a functioning airway (for example, in someone who has recently had an episode).

In epileptic patients, strobe lights always cause seizures:

This myth is based upon a series of cases where epileptic patients were exposed to strobe lights. Seizures were observed in those patients, and no actual seizures were observed by those researchers who conducted the testing.

This is false, however, an epileptic patient should be extra careful when in the light of a strobe light.

Epileptics are impulsive, angry and prone to antisocial behaviour:

Many people with epilepsy are very calm and friendly.

This myth may arise because epileptic individuals often have difficulty controlling their impulses or behaviour because of the seizures and their medications.

If someone is suffering from a seizure, it is best to restrain them:

Restraint should always be done with care and great caution. Aside from the fact that restraint may cause injury to the patient.

It does not stop a seizure from the beginning or keeps it from spreading. The only way to prevent a seizure is with medication or surgery.

There are no effective therapies for epilepsy to cure or to control the seizures.

Several types of epilepsy syndromes have been identified:

The treatment of epilepsy varies according to the type of seizure, severity, whether it is part of a syndrome and overall condition of the patient. Some general principles for treatment are as follows.

66% of epilepsy patients seizures are controlled by the medication itself and this is medically treatable epilepsy.

33% of seizures patients are not controllable with medciation and need to identify the focus of seizures so that they can be cured or controlled, these are called drug resistant epilepsy.

Many people with epilepsy can control their seizures with medications. However, others are not so fortunate. If a person with epilepsy is still having seizures after trying two medications over a period of 2 years are called drug resistant epilepsy and these are candidates for evaluation for surgery..

They may be a candidate for surgery to remove part of the brain that causes seizures in their area of the brain (lesion surgery). Sometimes metal electrodes are placed directly on the surface of the brain and connected directly to an implanted pulse generator. The pulses from this device can shut down areas of the brain that are causing seizures if they occur in that area again (Deep brain stimulation or Neuromodulation).

People with uncontrolled seizures are often able to live fulfilling lives by learning to manage their condition through medication, dietary modification, and lifestyle changes.